高中英语语法非谓语动词

非谓语动词不定式(todo）否定(nottodo)V-ing（doing）否定(notdoing)过去分词（done）否定(notdone)在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：Iwanttoreadabookwrittenbythewomanlivingthere.谓语非谓语动词主语宾语定语表语补语状语Todo动名词现在分词V-ed非谓语动词功能表不定式在句子中可以充当哪些成分？1、作主语Torunisagoodhabit.(=Itisagoodhabittorun.)2、作表语Ourplanistobuildabridgeovertheriver.3、作宾语Iwanttobuyadictionary.4、作定语Hehasachancetogoabroad.5、作状语Tofinishthework,hehadtogetupearly.6、作补语Iaskustohelphim.1、主语Noddingmeansagreement.2、宾语Wouldyoumindclosingthewindows?3、表语Hisjobissellingnewspapers.4、定语Thisisaswimmingpool.动名词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？1、表语Heissellingnewspapers.2、定语Thedancingmanismyuncle.现在分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？3补语Hekeptmewaitingsolong.4状语Walkinginthestreet,Imetmyteacher.过去分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？1、定语Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltinthe1980s.2、表语Theshopisclosed.3、补语Shefoundherglassstolen.4、状语Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.非谓语动词的形式主动态被动态一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing过去分词done现在分词/动名词主动态被动态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone动词不定式动词不定式的形式Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.（一般式的主动态）Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被动态)Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(进行式)Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主动态)Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedlongago.(完成式的被动态)We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式)现在分词的形式Hesatinachair,readinganovel.(一般式主动态)Beingcriticizedbytheboss,helistenedattentively.(一般式被动态)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主动态)Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被动态)过去分词的形式Seenfromthespace,theearthisfilledwithwater.Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.Anoldmanentered,supportedbyagirl.Hehurriedtogethome,onlytofindhishousebrokeninto.Allthebrokenwindowshavebeenrepaired.Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.Sheiswelldressed.非谓语动词的比较加不定式作宾语的动词：agree,attempt,expect,decide,seem,intend,try,refuse,manage,fail,mean,pretend,promise,offer,learn,plan,help,hope,prepare,choose,wishwant,determine,wouldlike等。Hemanagedtopasstheexam.Hepromisedtobehereatnine.Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.只接动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词有：admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免putoff推迟keep保持consider考虑delay耽搁dislike不喜欢；厌恶resist抵制mention提及enjoy喜欢escape避免excuse原谅practice练习mind介意feellike意欲finish完成imagine想像risk冒险forgive原谅miss错过giveup放弃suggest建议cannothelp情不自禁allow允许permit允许lookforwardto盼望beusedto习惯于succeedin成功地做某事stickto坚持etc.Somepeopledonotenjoysmoking.Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.有些动词既可接动名词又可接动词不定式作宾语，但有差别1）forgettodo忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forgetdoing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）2）stoptodo停止正在做的事，去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事3）remembertodo记得要去做某事（未做）rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)4)regrettodo遗憾要去做某事regretdoing后悔做过某事5）trytodo尽力做某事trydoing试着做某事6)meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味着做某事7）goontodo继续做（另外一件事）goondoing继续做（原先没有做完的事情）不定式,现在分词,过去分词做定语的区别不定式表示即将发生。Thebuildingtobecompletednextmonthisourlibrary.动名词表示功能。Theoldmanboughtawalkingstick.现在分词表示主动或正在进行。Chinaisadevelopingcountry.过去分词表示被动或完成.Thebrokencupismyaunt’s.不定式,现在分词,过去分词做状语的区别不定式作状语一般表目的或结果:Theystudiedhardtogethighmarks．(目的)Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhasleft．(结果)现在分词作状语一般表伴随或结果Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．(伴随)Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostfamoussportsintheworld.过去分词作状语一般表被动或完成Thepopsinger,followedbytwobodyguards,cametomeethisfans.不定式,现在分词,过去分词做宾补的区别使役动词及感官动词let,make,have,leave,feel,hear,see,watch,observe,notice等动词不定式表动作的全过程,宾语与动词不定式是主动关系Heheardsomeonesingasonginthenextroom.现在分词说明宾语的动作正在进行，宾语与现在分词是主动关系Heheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.过去分词说明宾语与过去分词是被动关系Heheardthesongsunginthenextroom.动名词和不定式在意义上的区别：动名词表示一般性、习惯性、抽象性的动作；不定式表示具体的或一次性的动作，也可表示将来的动作。IlikeswimmingbutIdon’tliketoswiminthepooltoday．动名词和现在分词作定语时的区别动名词作定语时，和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。readingtext阅读课文（动名词）developingcountries发展中国家（现在分词）asleepingbag睡袋（动名词）所以判断是现在分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是现在分词，无主谓关系的是动名词。aswimminggirl(现在分词)aswimmingpool(动名词)注意问题：1疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式构成一种特殊的不定式短语:Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.(主语)Idon’tknowwhattodo．我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver．(表语)2非谓语动词中的句型1)Itis+nouse/nogood/awasteoftime+doingsth.Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。2)Thereisnoneedtodosth.做某事没有必要Thereisnoneedtocopythereadingmaterial.3)在want,need,require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思，必须物作主语。例如：Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)3.不定式可作独立成分。totellthetruth/tobehonest/tobefrank4.动名词的复合结构Idon’tmindTom’s/Tom/his/himopeningthewindowTom’s/Hiscominglatemadehisteacherangry.Exercise1).Itremains_____whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee2.)Pleaseremain_________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.[2007山东卷]A．toseatB．tobeseatedC．seatingD．seated3）—Thelastone__________________paysthemeal.—Agreed![2007全国卷I]A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving4)Thebridge____nextyearwillnotbeverylong.A.beingbuiltB.buildingC.builtD.tobebuilt5)Sofar,shehasn’tgotachair____.AtositBsittingC.tositinD.forsitting6)—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted______hisadvice![2007安徽卷]A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking7)Allthestaffinourcompanyareconsideringtothecitycentreforthefashionshow.[2007上海春]AtogoBgoingCtohavegoneDhavinggone8)ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadto