综合4unit1-The-icy-defender

FightingwiththeForcesoftheNatureUnit1Whataretheforcesofthenature?floodtornadotsunamidroughtlightningsnowstorm/snowdisasterIfwetakeadvantageoftheseforces,whatwillhappen?ThreeGorgesDamwindpowergenerationtakeadvantageofthefog•草船借箭FightwiththeForcesoftheNatureTextAIcyDefenderPartDivisionoftheTextFurtherUnderstandingUsefulwordsandphrasesBackgroundknowledgeTwomainfactorsNapoleonBonaparteAdolfHitlerNapoleonBonaparte(1769−1821)·reformsoftheFrenchRevolution·conqueredthelargerpartofEurope·defeatedattheBattleofTrafalgarin1805·In1812,losthalfamillionmenwhenheinvadedRussiainwinter·defeatedagain,attheBattleofWaterlooin1815·senttotheislandofSt.HelenainthesouthAtlantic,wherehediedin1821•EmperoroftheFrench,whoconsolidatedandinstitutionalizedmanyreformsoftheFrenchRevolution.Oneofthegreatestmilitarycommandersofalltime,heconqueredthelargerpartofEurope.•During1802—1815NapoleontriedtogaincontrolofthewholeofEurope.HehadgreatsuccessagainstallhisenemiesexceptBritain,whosenavyunderNelsondefeatedtheFrenchnavyattheBattleofTrafalgarin1805,andwhosearmyfoughtthePeninsularWaragainsthimfrom1808to1814,makinghimweakerinhisothercampaigns.•In1812NapoleonlosthalfamillionmenwhenheinvadedRussiainwinter,andin1814theBritish,Russians,PrussiansandAustriansenteredParis.TheysentNapoleontoruletheislandofElbaintheMediterranean,buthecollectedanarmyaroundhimandreturnedtoParis.Hewassoondefeatedagain,attheBattleofWaterlooin1815,andwassenttotheislandofSt.HelenainthesouthAtlantic,wherehediedin1821.AdolfHitlerAdolfHitler•1889−1945•Germanpoliticalandmilitaryleader•launchedWorldWarIIin1939•hopedtoconquertheentireworld•slaughteredmillionsoftheinferiors1.campaign,battle,warn.战争，战斗battle强调指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。war是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.ManycriminalswereproceededagainstfollowingWorldWarII.2.TheAmericanpresidentiallastsforeighteenmonths.campaign通常指在一场大的战争中，某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动，也可作引申用。________________warcampaign3.Itwasadecisive—wewonthebecauseofit.4.ThePhilippineshadsufferedgrievouslyundertheJapaneseoccupation.Ahighlyeffectiveguerillacontrolledsixtypercentoftheislands,mostlyjungleandmountainareas.battle_______________________warcampaign2.raw:adj.coldandwet;notcooked,refined,processed,organizedoranalyzedTheeventtookplaceonarawFebruarymorning.这块砧板是专门用来切生肉的。Thiscuttingboardisonlyusedtocutrawmeat.Rawmaterialsarethenaturalsubstancesfromwhichindustrialproductsaremade.OnOctober4,1957,Sovietscientistslaunchedtheworld’sfirstartificialsatellite,calledSputnik.3.launch:vt.Beginningintheearly1960s,humanslaunchedprobestoexploreotherplanets.这家电脑公司今年开始生产一种新产品。Thiscomputercompanylaunchesanewproductthisyear.1)start2)send(sth.)onitscourseCollocation:launchanattack发动进攻launchamassivecampaign发动一场大规模的运动launchacompany开一家公司launchthreatsatsb.向某人发出威胁launchinto（积极有力地）开始launchout（精力充沛或戏剧性地）开始Helaunchedintoalongspeechaboutthedangeroftakingdrugs.他开始作关于吸毒危险性的长篇演说。4.conquest:n.conquering,defeatTheyear1939hadwitnessedtheconquestofPolandbyGermany.1939年德国征服了波兰。conquest指获取胜利或征服，把失败者置于控制之下。triumph着重指胜利或成功的辉煌。victory普通用词，主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的胜利，强调艰辛与成功。conquest,triumph&victory这三个词都是名词，均含有“胜利”之意。Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.UndertheleadershipoftheParty,wearemarchingfromto.2.TheYangtzeBridgeisagreatofmoderncivilengineering.3.Itwasaofhumanintellect,andalsointernationalcooperationandcommunication.4.Inprocessoftime,Romebecameagreatempireby.____________________________________________victoryvictorytriumphtriumphconquestDR_word_retreat5.retreat:v.movebackorwithdrawwhenfacedwithdangerordifficultyAfterafiercebattle,thetroopsretreatedsouthward.我们采取如下策略：敌进我退，敌退我追。Weadoptedthefollowingstrategies:Whentheenemyadvances,weretreat;whentheyretreat,wepursue.NB:retreat的反义词是advance，例如：toadvanceagainst(on,to,toward)朝…前进toretreatfrom从…撤退toretreatto撤退到6.crucial:adj.veryimportant(followedbyto)crucial,critical&decisive这三个词都是形容词，都有“紧要的、紧迫的、重要的”之意。crucial意为“决定性的、极重要的”，指对关键性事物不断增长的缺乏或需求，紧急情况或危急转折关头。例如：Amazingly,oursoccerteamwonthevictoryinthecrucialfinalgame.增强消费者信心是经济复苏的关键。Improvedconsumerconfidenceiscrucialtoeconomicrecovery.Wemustpayattentiontothiscrucialtest.我们必须重视这次决定性的试验。CF:critical意为“决定性的”，与crucial相似，但表示对缺乏程度更精确的估计。在转折关头时比crucial表现出更大的严重性。例如：decisive意思是“决定性的、果断的”，具有重要、特殊或决定性效果。例如：我们的空军对打赢这场战争有决定性的贡献。Thepatient’sconditioniscritical.病人情况危急。Ourairforcesweredecisiveinwinningthewar.DR_word_crucial2crucial,critical&decisive这三个词都是形容词，都有“紧要的、紧迫的、重要的”之意CF:7.render:vt.cause(sb./sth.)tobeinaspecifiedcondition(sameasmake)Thedrugwillrenderthetigerharmlessforuptotwohours.Hewasrenderedunconsciousbyablowonthebackoftheneck.地震导致成百上千的人无家可归。Hundredsofpeoplewererenderedhomelessbytheearthquake.Collocation:renderinto译成(某种语言)renderup做(祷告);放弃,交出renderblowforblow以牙还牙rendergoodforevil以德报怨8.casualty:n.apersonwhoiskilledorinjuredinwarorinanaccidentFirstreportsofthetrafficaccidenttellofmorethan50casualties.Theprecisenumberofcasualtiesinyesterday’sbombexplosionisnotknown.9.limp:1.vi.walkwithdifficulty,esp.whenonefootorleg