英美文学作品赏析

英美文学赏析EnglishLiterature•“TheWifeofBath”fromTheCanterburyTales•“Sonnet18”•ExcerptfromRomeoandJuliet•“Song”•“LettertoLordChesterfield”•“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”•AdiscussionofJaneEyre•ExcerptfromMrs.DallowayAmericanLiterature•“RipVanWinkle”•“TheTell-taleHeart”•“BecauseICouldnotStopforDeath”•“Iheardaflybuzz”•ExcerptfromTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn•20thcenturypoems•“ACleanWell-lightedPlace”Lecture1GeoffreyChaucerandhisTheCanterburyTalesGeoffreyChaucer(1340-1400)•MessengerofHumanism•Thefirstrealisticwriter•FatherofEnglishpoetry•MasteroftheEnglishlanguageTheCanterburyTalesTheCanterburyTales•TheCanterburyTaleswaswrittenintheyearsbetween1387and1400.Ithasageneralprologueandtwentyfourtalesthatareconnectedby“links”.TheCanterburyTales•ItgivesacomprehensivepictureofChaucer’stime.(Thereare29pilgrimsandtheyarefromallwalksoflife.)•ItpopularizestheliteraryuseofthevernacularEnglish.TheWifeofBath•Oneoftwofemalestorytellers(theotheristhePrioress),theWifehasalotofexperienceunderherbelt.Shehastraveledallovertheworldonpilgrimages,soCanterburyisajourneyforpleasureorenjoymentcomparedtootherdangerousjourneysshehasendured.BathBackLecture2WilliamShakespeareTheRenaissanceRenaissance:TogetherwiththedevelopmentofbourgeoisrelationshipsandformationoftheEnglishnationalstate,the16thcenturyismarkedbyaflourishingofnationalcultureknownastheRenaissance.ThetermRenaissanceoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassical(GreekandRoman)artsandsciencesafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism.TheRenaissanceThestudyandpropagationofclassicallearningandartwascarriedonbytheprogressivethinkersofthehumanists.Theyheldtheirchiefinterestnotinecclesiastical(教会的)knowledge,butinman,hisenvironmentanddoingsandbravelyfoughtfortheemancipationofmanfromthetyrannyofthechurchandreligiousdogmas.WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)•Hewasnotofanage,butforalltime!•thegreatestofallEnglishauthors•AlandmarkinthehistoryofworldcultureWilliamShakespeare•Sonnet:Asonnetisafourteen-linelyricpoem,traditionallywritteniniambicpentameter—thatis,inlinestensyllableslong,withaccentsfallingoneverysecondsyllable.•TheShakespeareansonnetisdividedintofourparts.Thefirstthreepartsareeachfourlineslong,andareknownasquatrains,rhymedABAB;thefourthpartiscalledthecouplet,andisrhymedCC.TheShakespeareansonnetisoftenusedtodevelopasequenceofmetaphorsorideas,oneineachquatrain,whilethecoupletofferseitherasummaryoranewtakeontheprecedingimagesorideas.WilliamShakespeare•Shakespearewrote154sonnets.•Thefirstgroup(1-126):toMr.W.H.•Thesecondgroup(127-152):toaDarkLadyiambicpentameter•meter:thebasicrhythmicstructureofaverseorlinesinversethepatternofsyllablesinalineofpoetryarhythmofaccentedandunaccentedsyllablesarrangedintofeet.iambic:抑扬格(轻读音节与重读音节交替出现）pentameter:五音步(fivefeet）syllable:音节，通常包含一个元音和若干辅音vowel:元音consonant:辅音iambicpentameter•Example：1.ifyouwouldputthekeyinsidethelockifYOU|wouldPUT|theKEY|inSIDE|theLOCK2.ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.ShallI/comPARE/theeTO/aSUM/mer’sDAY?ThouART/moreLOVE/lyAND/moreTEM/perATESonnet18•Inthesonnet,thespeakercompareshisbelovedtothesummerseason,andarguesthathisbelovedisbetter.Healsostatesthathisbelovedwillliveonforeverthroughthewordsofthepoem.RomeoandJulietLecture3JohnDonneJohnDonne(1572-1631)•anEnglishpoet,satirist,lawyerandaclericintheChurchofEngland.•Heisconsideredthepre-eminentrepresentativeofthemetaphysicalpoets.JohnDonne•Hispoetryisnotedforitsvibrancyoflanguageandinventivenessofmetaphor,especiallycomparedtothatofhiscontemporaries.Donne'sstyleischaracterizedbyabruptopeningsandvariousparadoxes,ironiesanddislocations.Metaphysicalpoets(玄学派）•aloosegroupofBritishlyricpoetsofthe17thcentury,whoseworkwascharacterizedbytheinventiveuseofconceits,andbyspeculationabouttopicssuchasloveorreligion.•Conceits（奇喻）—far-fetchedorunusualsimilesormetaphors“themostheterogeneousideasareyokedbyviolencetogether”•Example:TheFleaLecture4SamuelJohnsonSamuelJohnson(1709-1784)•anEnglishwriterwhomadelastingcontributionstoEnglishliteratureasapoet,essayist,moralist,literarycritic,biographer,editorandlexicographerDr.Johnson’sDictionary•Afternineyearsofwork,Johnson'sADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagewaspublishedin1755.Ithadafar-reachingeffectonModernEnglishandhasbeendescribedasoneofthegreatestsingleachievementsofscholarship.•ThisworkbroughtJohnsonpopularityandsuccess;untilthecompletionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary150yearslater,Johnson'swasviewedasthepre-eminentBritishdictionary.Dr.Johnson’sDictionary•AnimportantinnovationinEnglishlexicographywastoillustratethemeaningsofhiswordsbyliteraryquotation,ofwhichtherearearound114,000.TheauthorsmostfrequentlycitedincludeShakespeare,MiltonandDryden.Lecture5WilliamWordsworthRomanticism•Englishromanticism:1798-1832•AreactionagainsttheageofEnlightenment•Features:1.Poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelingsthatexpressesthepoet’smind.2.anemphasisonspontaneity3.astronglovefortheremote,theunusual,thestrange,thesupernatural,themysterious,thesplendid,thepicturesque,andtheillogical4.worshipofnature5.Romanticpoetstaketousingeverydaylanguagespokenbytherusticpeople.