必修4-Unit2-Grammar-动名词

动名词的构成：时态语态一般时完成时主动式（not)v-ing(not)having+done被动式(not)being+done(not)having+been+done1.动名词作主语：动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作e.g.:It'srathertiringwalkingaroundinacity.a.可用it作形式主语，将-ing放后。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.ItisapleasuredoingbusinesswithHarry.Itisfun/niceworkingwithyou.It’sawasteoftimewanderingthroughhighschool.b.在“Thereisnodoing”结构中用-ing形式作主语，表示“没法…”。There’snotelling/knowingthat-clauseTherewasnotellingwhetheritwouldrainagain.※Thereisnopoint/sense(in)doingsth.做某事没有作用或没有意义Thereis(no)hope/chance/possibilityofdoing…Thereis(no)difficulty/trouble/delay(in)doing…Isthereanychanceofus/ourwinningthematch?Thereisnopoint/sense(in)discussingtheproblemagain.2.动名词作表语：其用法等同不定式，起形容词作用，讲述主语的特征、内容和含义。Oneofmybadhabitsiseatingtoomanysweets.Myjobisteachingyouhowtolearn.Herrefusaltoattendthepartywasdisappointing.3.动名词作宾语：a.只接-ing形式，不接不定式的动词有:admit,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,escape,enjoy,miss,excuse,fancy,finish,imagine,include,keep(on),mind,practice,resist,risk,suggest,advise,appreciate,permit等.如：Itisnothardtostopsmoking.Doyoumindansweringthequestion?b.既可接不定式又可接-ing形式作宾语的词有：like,love,hate,prefer,propose,begin,start,continue等，一般情况下，不定式表示具体的动作而动名词表示习惯性的动作。Ipreferwaiting(towait)here.c.下列动词forget,remember,regret,try,mean,can’thelp,goon,stop,beusedto,可用不定式又可用-ing形式，但意义完全不同。remembertodo记住要去做rememberdoing记得已做了forgettodo忘记要去做forgetdoing忘记已做了regrettodo抱歉要去做regretdoing后悔已做了trytodo尽力去做;trydoing试着做meantodo打算去做;meandoing意味着,就是stoptodo停下来去做别的事;stopdoing停止做goontodo继续（去做另外一件事情）goondoing继续（原先没有做完的事情）beusedtodoing习惯于做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事can'thelpdoing禁不住做某事can'thelptodo不能帮助做某事d.表示“值得、需要”的动词deserve,beworth,want,need,require后接-ing形式时，主动形式表被动意义。其意义相当于不定式的被动结构。Thesedesksneedrepairing.=Thesedesksneedtoberepaired.Thepatientrequiredexamining.=Thepatientrequiredtobeexamined.e.下列词组接动名词：leavefor,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,devote…to,contribute…to,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth,getusedto,payattentionto，befondof等f.介词后要接动名词：whatabout,howabout,without,befondof,begoodat等。注意：on/upondoingsth.=assoonas（when）引导的句子。g.在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit＋名词/代词＋不定式(宾语补足语)”之形式。如：Wedon’tallowsmokinghere．Wedon’tallowanybodytosmokehere．4.动名词做定语：aswimmingpool;awalkingstick;可于名词之前构成合成词，大多表示该名词的用途或目的。Theyoungcookstoodatthestoveholdingafryingpaninhishand.5.动名词的复合结构1、动名词带上自己的逻辑主语，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。2、其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格和名词的通格来充当。在口语中，物主代词和名词所有格可分别由人称代词的宾格和名词的通格代替。e.g.:Doyoumindmy/meopeningthedoor?Ican’timagineMary’s/Marymarryingsuchayoungman.3、在下列情况下二者不能相互替代：1）当动名词的复合结构作主语时，其逻辑主语只用所有格或物主代词表示。Hisbeinglatemadetheteacherangry.（正确）Himbeinglatemadetheteacherangry.（错误）2）如动名词的逻辑主语表示的是无生命的东西，或是虽表有生命的东西但表示的是泛指意义，或是两个以上表示有生命意义的名词并列，这时必须用人称代词的宾格或名词的通格作该动名词的逻辑主语。Theboywasfrightenedbythedoor(notthedoor’s)shutting.Haveyouheardofwomenplayingwithfire?ThefatherinsistedonJohnandMarywalkingtoschool.3)当逻辑主语是this,that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybodyanyone时用其通格形式。HedisapprovedofthatbeingsaidaboutJohn.Theteacherdislikesanyonebeinglate.Heinsistedonthisbeingtrue.※应试技巧：1)重视句子分析，摆脱思维定势1.Doesthewayyouthoughtof____ridofbadmoodmakeanysense?(get)2.Themomentwe’vebeenlookingforwardto_____(draw)neartowardsus.2)若用动名词，要关注其主动、被动和时态形式；以及动名词的否定、加逻辑主语等问题。togetdraws1.Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinish_______mycar.A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repairedExcersice2.Haveyouforgotten___$1000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremember____ittomorrow?A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringing3.Theclassroomwants_____.A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning4.Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmind__forus.A.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waited5.Mybrotherkeeps___mewithmywork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped6.Weshouldoftenpractise___Englishwitheachother.A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speaking7.Keepon____andyouwillsucceed.A.atryB.tryC.triingD.trying8.Hisparentsinsiston___tocollege.A.heshouldgoB.hegoC.hisgoingD.himtogo9.Thestorywassofunnythatwe___.A.couldn’thelplaughB.can’tbutlaughC.couldn’thelplaughingD.couldn’thelpbuttolaugh10.Thoughitsoundsabittoodear(昂贵),itisworth______.A.beingboughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buyingit11.Hedevotedhislifeto_____theatomictheory.A.studyB.bestudiedC.studyingD.havestudied12.Wearebothlookingforwardto__nextweek.A.goingonvocation(休假)B.goonvocationC.begoingonvocationD.havegoneonvocation13.Youmustpayattentionto___theworksofLuXun.A.readB.readingC.readerD.beread14.Youshouldworktonightinsteadof_____TV.A.towatchB.youwatchingC.youwatchD.watching15.Themicroscopeisusedfor__minute(微小的)objects.A.examiningB.beingexaminedC.examinedD.examine16.Mikehasgotused___uplateatnight.A.tostayB.stayedC.tostayingD.staying17.Oncetheheartstops_____,deathfollowsatonce.A.beatingB.tobeatC.beingbeatenD.tobebeating18.Wearenowbusy_____fortheexamination.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.beingprepared19.Iremembered____thispersonsomewherebefore.A.seeingB.havingbeenseenC.seenD.tosee20.Iregret____thattoher.A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosayD.said21.Thepatientmustbeseparatedtoavoid(避免)____others.A.beinginfected(感染)B.infectingC.toinfectD.infected22.Yourclothesneed______.A.washedB.tobewashedC.towash