动名词和不定式专项练习

1培根教育学科教师辅导讲义学员编号：年级：9年级课时数：学员姓名:辅导科目：英语学科教师：吕授课类型TCT能力提升星级★★★★★★★★★教学目标授课日期及时段2016年1月日非谓语动词一）动名词1.跟动名词作宾语动词的有：finish,mind,practice,consider,suggest,admit,avoid,advise,delay，enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,complete,imagine,miss,require,risk,keep,include,lookforwardto,can’thelp,can’tstand,insiston,succeedin,havefun,havetrouble/problem（in）,spend...（in）,feellike,beusedto,giveup,keepon,beworth,bebusy,2.need/want/,requiredoingThisroomneedspainting./toberepaired(二）动词不定式1.主语1.)动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+for/ofsb.）+动词不定式TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.2)．动词不定式逻辑主语是由for作为标记的。但是有时用of.It’snecessaryforyoutostudyhard.It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.It'sverycleverofyoutodolikethatIt’sfoolishofhimtodoit.注意：good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,possible等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。4).不定式作补足语Isawhimplayinthestreetjustnow.跟不带to的不定式作补足语的动词有：see,feel,hear,listento,lookat,watch,let,havemake,observe,notice注意:当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to,如：Hewasseentoplayinthestreetjustnow.2.宾语1).有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令,打算或希望的，接不定式作宾语的动词有：wouldlike,plan,want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expect等等。Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?2).在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.3).常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Whynotdo...,Whydon'tyoudo...,hadbetter（not）do...,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease（not）do...Iwouldratherstayintheroom.23.宾语补足语Isawhimplayinthestreetjustnow.Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.常跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有:tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourageMymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel,find）,二听（hear,listento）,三让（let,make,have,四看（lookat,see,watch,notice,observe）.但变被动语态时,必须加上to。如：Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.4．定语①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.5.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.(三)．动名词下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forgettodo…忘记要做某事forgetdoing…忘记做了某事remembertodo…记住要做某事rememberdoing…记着做了某事meantodo…有意要做某事meandoing…意味着做了某事regrettodo…对要做的事表示后悔regretdoing…对做过去的事后悔can’thelptodo…不能帮助做can’thelpdoing…情不自禁做某事trytodo…尽力去做某事trydoing试着做某事learntodo…学着去做某事learndoing…学会做某事stoptodo…停下来去做（另一件事）stopdoing…停止做某事goontodo…接着做（另外一件事）goondoing…继续做某事usedtodo…过去做某事beusedtodoing…习惯做某事(四).分词1．现在分词与过去分词的区别DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?=DoyouknowthewomanwhoistalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.=Thesoldierwhowaswoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.ChinaisadevelopingcountryandAmericaisadevelopedcountry.2．分词作表语Thenewssoundsencouraging.Theygotveryexcited.doing表主动,done表被动关系。注意：常用作表语的过去分词有：injured,covered,known,dressed,lost,broken,gone,delighted,excited,pleased,satisfied,married,worried,surprised,interested,burnt,shut,crowded,wounded,drank,done3．分词做状语与不定式的区别：分词做状语表示时间/原因/让步/条件/方式/伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。Havingfinishedthehomework,Iwenthome.（时间）BeingaPartymember,Ishouldworkhard.（原因）Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.（条件）Heranoutoftheclassroom,shoutingattheboy.（伴随）Togetmoreknowledge,wemustworkharderandharder.(目的)Heisoldenoughtojointhearmy.（结果）4．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别arunninghorse现在分词=ahorsethatisrunningafallenleaf过去分词=aleafthathasalreadyfallenawalkingstick动名词=astickforwalkingsomethingtodo不定式=somethingthatIshoulddo5．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：Ihaveaproblemtobediscussedatthemeeting.(将来)ThebuildingbeingbuiltontheriveristheScienceMuseum.（正在进行）Thebuildingcompletedthreeyearsagoisnowinbadconditions.（过去的被动）3专项练习题一．单项选择题()1.Grannyoftentellsus________waterinourdailylife.A:saveB:savingC:tosaveD:saves()2.Richardturnedoffthecomputerafterhehadfinished________theemail.A:writeB:towriteC:writingD:wrote()3.—WecanuseQQtochatwitheachotherontheInternet.—Really?Willyoupleaseshowme______it?A:howtouseB:whattouseC:howcanIuseD:whatcanIuse()4.—Where'syourbrothernow，Bob?--Isawhim_____inthestreetamomentagoandItoldhim.A:playing；don'tdosoB:playing；nottodosoC:play；todosoD.toplay,tonotdoso()5.Asteenagers,we'reoldenoughwithhousework.Wecanhelpsetthetable,washthedishesandcleanourownrooms.A:tohelpB:helpingC:helpedD.help()6.Nancyisreallyahard-workingstudent.Weoftenseeher_______booksintheclassroom.A:readB:toreadC.readsD.reading()7Mrs.Smithmadeherstudents_______thecompositionsthreetimesaweek.A:writeB:towriteC:writtenD:writing()8.Tomoftenmakeshissister,butyesterdayhewasmadebyhissister.A:cry;tocryB:tocry;cryC:cry;cryD:tocry;tocry()9.You'dbetter_______toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.A:don'tspendB:nottospendC:tonotspendD:notspend()10.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething_______theold.A:servedB:toserveC:serveD:serves()11.Whynot_______anEnglishclubtopractice_______English?A.tojoin;tospeakB.join;speakingC.join;tospeakD.tojoin;speaking()12.Whenwecametothegate,hestopped_________megoinfirst.A.toletB.totellC.toallowD.toask()13.Shesawsomeboys_________socceronthep