地下水污染健康风险评价方法

66200812South2to2NorthWaterTransfersandWaterScience&TechnologyVol.6No.6Dec.2008:2008210224:2008210230:(1212010634610):(19702),,,,:(19652),,,,,1,2,1,1,1,1,1(1.,050061;2.(),100083):,,-4,,,,:;;:R123:A:167221683(2008)0620047205MethodforHealthRiskAssessmentofGroundwaterPollutionLIZheng2hong1,BIEr2ping2,ZHANGSheng1,YINMi2ying1,MALin2na1,WANGWen2zhong,ZHANGYi2long1(1.InstituteofHydrogeology&EnvironmentalGeology,CAGS,Shijiazhuang050061,China;2.SchoolofWaterResourcesandEnvironment,ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,Beijing100083,China)Abstract:Toconstructahealthriskassessmentsystemofgroundwaterpollution,theauthorshaveattemptedtoestablishagroundwaterpollutionhealthriskassessmentmethods,basedonthecomprehensiveanalysistheresearchresultsonthehealthriskassessmentofgroundwater.Theas2sessmentmethodincludesfoursteps,i.e.,hazardidentification,dose2responseassessment,exposureassessmentandriskcharacterization.Thispa2perhadproposeddeterminingmethodsandprinciplesofhazardidentification,enquiringmethodsoftoxicityfactor,calculatingmethodsofexposureandrisk,andsomeadvicesaboutestablishmentofgroundwaterpollutionriskassessmentsysteminChina.Keywords:healthrisk;assessmentmethod;groundwaterpollution1,,1972,1983,-4,,,[1210],,,[11215]2090,,[16220],,[1210,21224],,2-42.1,74,,,,2.1.1,;,,2.1.2,(),,,:I=CiCoi(1):I;Ci;Coi(),2.1.3,,,,,(IARC),:(G1):(G2):(,G2A:,,G2B:,,,,)(G3):(G4):[6](IRIS),:(A):(B):(,B1:,B2:,)(C):(D):(E):[7],,IARCG1G2AG2B,,IRISIRISAB1B2C,2.2-,,,,-,2.2.1--,,(RfD):RfD=NOAEL(LOAEL)UF(2):UF=F1F2F3MF(3):RfD(mg/kg/d);NOAEL(mg/kg/d);LOAEL(mg/kg/d);UF();F1,110();F2,110();F3,1100();MF,110(),,(,--,)[21],,(CSF)2.2.2:(IRIS);(WJPCICAD;WHOEHC)[8];(PPRTVs)[9];(ATSDR)(MRL)[10];(HEAST)2.3,84639200862.3.1,:;;,,,,,,,2.3.2,,,2.3.3,,,12,12,,,,2.3.4:;,():,;:,2.3.5,,,95%95%,,2.3.6,Intakeoral2water=CwaterIRoral2waterEFEDBWAT(4):Intakeoral2water(mg/kg/d);Cwater(mg/L);IRoral2water(L/d);EF,(d);ED,(y);BW(kg);AT(d):Intakeinh2water(shower)=([Ca1Bt1]+[Ca2Bt2])EVshowerEFEDBWAT(5):Intakeinh2water(wash)=CairIRinhalEFEDBWAT(6):Intakeinh2water(air)=CairIRinhalEFEDBWAT(7):Intakeinh2water(shower)(mg/kg/d);In2takeinh-water(wash)(mg/kg/d);Ca1(mg/m3);Ca2(mg/m3);Cair(mg/m3);B(m3/h);IRinh(m3/d);t1(h);t2(h);EVshower;EFEDBWATIntakedermal2water=DAeventEVshowerEDEFSABWAT(8):Intakedermal2water(wash)(mg/kg/d);DAevent(mg/cm2);EVshower;SA(cm2);EFEDBWAT,,2.4,,,,,,2.4.1(),,,,,,::TRo=Intakeoral2waterCSFo(9):TRo;Intakeoral2water94;CSFo:TRi=(Intakeinh2water(shower)Intakeinh2water(wash)Intakeinh2water(air))CSFi(10):TRi;Intakeinh-water(shower)Intakeinh-water(wash)Intakeinh-water(air),;CSFi:TRd=Intakedermal2waterCSFd(11):TRd;Intakedermal2water;CSFd:TRt=TRoTRiTRd(12):TRt,;TRoTRiTRd10-6,10-6,;,,:(),(),,,,,::THQo=Intakeoral2waterRfDo(13):THQo;Intakeoral-water;RfDo:THQi=(Intakeinh2water(shower)+Intakeinh2water(wash)+Intakeinh2water(air))RfDi(14):THQi;Intakeinh2water(shower)Intakeinh2water(wash)Intakeinh2water(air);RfDi:THQd=Intakedermal2waterRfDd(15):THQd;Intakedermal2water;RfDd:THQt=THQo+THQi+THQd(16):THQt,;THQoTHQiTHQd1,1,;,2.4.2,,,,,,,,,,320,,,,,,,,,,,,,:[1]U.S.EPA.Nationaloilandhazardoussubstancepollutioncontingen2cyplan[EB/OL].ProposedRule,53FederalRegister51394,WashingtonDC.[2]U.S.EPA.Riskassessmentguidanceforsuperfund:Humanhealthevaluationmanual[EB/OL].[3]U.S.EPA.GuidelinesforexposureAssessment[EB/OL].Fed2eralRegister,WashingtonDC.(104):22888222938.[4]U.S.EPA.DermalExposureassessment:PrinciplesandAppli2cation[EB/OL].EPA/600/8291/011B,[5]U.S.EPA.Guidelinesforcarcinogenriskassessment[EB/OL].[6]IARC.CompleteListofAgentsevaluatedandtheirclassification[EB/OL].[7]U.S.EPA.IntegratedRiskInformationSystem(IRIS)[EB/OL].[8]WHO.ConciseInternationalChemicalAssessmentDocuments(CICADs)[EB/OL].[9]U.S.EPA.ProvisionalToxicityFactor[EB/OL].[10]U.S.EPA.MinimalRiskLevels(MRLs)forHazardousSub2stances[EB/OL].[11].[C].,2004.[12]KrishnanK.;PatersonJ.;WilliamsD.T.HealthRiskAs2sessmentofDrinkingWaterContaminantsinCanada:TheAp2plicabilityofMixtureRiskAssessmentMethods[J].Regulato2ryToxicologyandPharmacoloty,1997,26:1792187.[13]DavidJ.Cushman,KeithS.Driver,andStephenD.Ball,Riskas2sessmentforenvironmentalcontamination:anoverviewofthefundamentalsandapplicationofriskassessmentatcontamina2tedsites[J].CanadianJournalofCivilEngineering2001,28:1552162.[14]NationalEnvironmentalProtectionCouncil(NEPC).Guide-lineonhealthriskassessmentmethodology[EB/OL].[15]CanadianCouncilofMinistersoftheEnvironment(CCME).Canada-widestandardsforpetroleumhydrocarbonsinsoil[EB/OL].:128.[16],,,.[J].,2006,13(1):2162223.[17],,,.[J].,2006,13(1):2302235.[18],,,.[J].,1997,15(4):28233.[19],,,.[J].,2006,13(3):1622176.[20],.[J].,2005,18(1):44246.[21].[M].:,2000:12482.[22],,.[J].,2005,22(2):1782180.[23]COLINCF.Assessingri