英美文化概况123

英美文化概况一、Introduction:theUnitedKingdom二、Nameofthecountry三、TheNameoftheUnionThefullandofficialname:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandTheabbreviatedname:theUnitedKingdom/theUK/GreatBritain/BritainTheinformalname:England四、Unionflag：UnionFlagorUnionJack英国国旗：呈横长方形，长与宽之比为2∶1。为“米”字旗，由深蓝底色和红、白色“米”字组成。旗中带白边的红色正十字代表英格兰守护神圣乔治，白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神圣安德鲁，红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。此旗产生于1801年，是由原英格兰的白地红色正十旗、苏格兰的蓝地白色交叉十字旗和爱尔兰的白地红色交叉十字旗重叠而成。五、NationalEmblem(国徽)TheshapeofashieldThesymboloftheunity:thecenterEngland:YellowlionsScotland:RedlionreadytofightIreland:David’sharpThesymbolofbelligerence:themiddleTheOrderofGarter:themedalThehelmetThemotto:HonisoitquimalypenseShamewhothinkofitbadly.Shamewhoeverthinksitevil(恶有恶报)Thesymbolofsupport,andthepassantguardianEngland:thestandinglion:apassantguardianScotland:thestandingunicornThesymboloftheimportanceofEnglandThesymboloftheking/queenThemottoofthequeen:DieuetmondroitGodandmyright(天有上帝，我有权力)中心图案为一枚盾徽，盾面上左上角和右下角为红底上三只金狮，象征英格兰；右上角为金底上半站立的红狮，象征苏格兰；左下角为蓝底上金黄色竖琴，象征北爱尔兰。盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、分别代表英格兰和苏格兰的狮子和独角兽守护。盾徽周围用法文写着一句格言Honisoitquimalypense，意为“恶有恶报”；下端悬挂着嘉德勋章，饰带上用法文写着Dieuetmondroit，意为“天有上帝，我有权利”。盾徽上端为镶有珠宝的金银色头盔、帝国王冠和头戴王冠的狮子。底部的绿地中有玫瑰（英格兰），蓟（苏格兰），韭菜（威尔士）以及三叶草（爱尔兰）。六、Britishnationalanthem(国歌)GodSavetheQueen/theKingUsedtobeananthemusedinanumberofCommonwealthrealms;CurrentlyservesasthenationalanthemoftheUnitedKingdom,oneofthetwonationalanthemsofNewZealand,andtheroyalanthemofCanada,Australia,JamaicaandtheIsleofMan.GodsavetheQueenGodsaveourgraciousQueen帝保佑女王，LongliveournobleQueen祝她万寿无疆，GodsavetheQueen神佑女王。Sendhervictorious常胜利，Happyandglorious沐荣光；孚民望，心欢畅；Longtoreignoverus治国家，王运长；GodsavetheQueen.神佑女王！Thychoicestgiftsinstore愿上帝恩泽长，Onherbepleasedtopour选精品，倾宝囊，Longmayshereign万岁女王！Mayshedefendourlaws愿她保护法律，Andgiveusevercause使民心齐归向，Tosingwithheartandvoice一致衷心歌唱，GodsavetheQueen.神佑女王！七、NationalpersonificationoftheUK(1BritanniaTailsofBritishcoinsThenameRomansgavetothesouthernBritishprovince(Englandtoday)ThenamethatwasgiventothefemaleembodimentofBritain,wearingahelmetholdingatrident'RuleBritannia,Britanniarulethewaves'.八、NationalpersonificationoftheUKJohnBullAfictionalcharacterPersonifycertainEnglishvirtues:PatriotismanddeterminationHisappearance:An18thcenturycountrygentlemanRemindingofanidyllicruralpast九、MottooftheUK：Dieuetmondroit.(French)Godandmyright.(English)天有上帝,我有权利。十、Nameofthepeoples：ThepeoplesofthecountryWhenandwheredid“Britain”comefrom?theBrythons(Britons)migratingfromtheEuropeanContinentbefore300B.C.Whenandwheredid“England”comefrom?AngloSaxonandJutes,collectivelyknownasAngles,migratingfromthenorthwesternEuropeinthe5thcenturyA.DEngland:“Angla-land”,thelandofAnglesYesterday’sname(from1800andtheearly1920’s):England,Wales,ScotlandandIreland:onceseparatenationsEnglandhascontrolledtheothernationsovercenturies.theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIrelandToday’sname:the26IrishFreeStatesachievedtheirindependencein1921.theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland十一、WhereistheUKandwhat’sitssize?LocationSituatedinWesternEuropeSeparatedfromtheEuropeancontinentbytheNorthSeatheStraitofDovertheEnglishChannelItslatitude50°N--60°NItslongitude2°E--8°WTheprimemeridianof0°oldGreenwichobservatory十二、WhereistheUKandwhat’sitssize？UKNeighbors:FranceHollandGermanyDenmarkNorwayBelgiumtheIrishRepublicIcelandAsmallcountrySize(mid-2006)242,514km2(79th)2%966kmfromthesouthcoasttotheextremenorthofmainlandBritain483kmacrossthewidestpartPopulation60,587,300(21st)Density248h/km2(48th)YetabigrolePoliticalrole:UN,G8(G7),NATO,BritishCommonwealth…Economicrole:EUmember,GDPTotal$2.660.7billion(5th)-Percapita$38,624(12th)Culturalrole:theEnglishlanguage,thetourism…Educationalrole:Oxford,Cambridge…internationalstudentsAmultiracialsocietyItincludes4partswithintheonenation-state:England,Scotland,Wales,andNorthernIreland.GroupsofimmigrantshavebroughtaspectsoftheirowncultureswiththemwhichsitsidebysidewithmoretraditionallyBritishwaysoflife,forexample,manyareMuslims,whilemostBritishpeopleareChristians.Immigrationfromsomeofthecommonwealthnations----populationsofwhich1in20arenon-Europeanethnicity.ASocietywithaClass-structureItisdividedeconomically:itisasocietywithaclass-structure.Differentclasseswilltendtoreaddifferentnewspapers,watchdifferenttelevisionprograms,speakwithdifferentaccents,dodifferentthingsintheirfreetime,andhavedifferentexpectationsfortheirchildren.十三、Evenwithineachofthe4countriestherearedifferenceofregions:thedifferencebetweenthe“highland”andthe“lowland”Scotshasalonghistoricalsignificance,forexample:northandsouthEnglandarealsoconsideredtobeculturallydistinct,thoughtheboundarybetweenthemisnotmarkedonanymap,andexistsonlyasaratherunclearmentalattitude.Nevertheless,thereissomebasistothedistinctionineconomictermsasthesouthisonaveragemuchwealthierthanthenorth.England一、PatronSaintofEnglandSaintGeorge(ca.275-281–April23,303)asoldieroftheRomanEmpirefromthethenAnatolia(Turkey)veneratedasaChristianmartyrHeisimmortalisedinthetaleofGeorgeandtheDragon.二、NationalFlowerofEnglandTheTudorrosesometimescalledtheEnglishRoseisatraditionale