GNSS系统的现状与发展

20084362MODERNDEFENCETECHNOLOGYApr.2008Vol.36No.2GNSS3,(,100084):GNSS(GPS,GLONASS,GALILEO),(BD-I/BD-)4,GNSS:;;;;:U666111:A:10092086X(2008)20220073205CurrentStatusandtheDevelopmentTrendoftheGNSSMARui,KONGXing2wei(TsinghuaUniversity,DepartmentofPrecisionInstruments&Mechanology,Beijing100084,China)Abstract:Ageneralreviewofmodernglobalnavigationsatellitesystem(GNSS)systemispresen2ted.FourkindsofGNSSsystemstechnology(GPS,GLONASS,GALILEO,BD)areanalyzedindetailsep2arately.ThedifferencesbetweenthefourGNSSsystemssyntheticallyarecompared,thentheprospectoftheGNSSsystemsdevelopmentispredicted.Keywords:globalnavigationsatellitesystem(GNSS);globalpositionsystem(GPS);globalnaviga2tionsatellitesystem(GLONASS);GALILEO;BDI/II0GNSS(globalnavigationsatellitesystem),,,[1-3]2007-04-14,542000-10-31,2000-12-21,2003-05-25,2007-02-03,(BDI),,52(BDII),2,21500km55MEO(GPS)3:2007-10-08;:2007-11-28:(1970-),,,,:10008490032206:010-62792119225@Email:rma0mails.thu.edu.cn2008362(GLONASS),3,[4-7]2,,,1GNSS1.1GPSGPS(globalpositionsystem)20(19731993),300,3GPS2:(SPS)(PPS),:(SPS):L1(1575.4MHz)C/A;(PPS):L1,L2(1227.6MHz)PSPS,L1C/A,2000-05-01100mSA330mPPS,0133mPWYGPS-3,GPS-3GPSGPS-3,10,1520,GPS-3GPS100500,(M)2024,24GPS,,GPS-3G-STAR,,,,2GSIIR5(M)3GSIIR6(M),2006-09-252006-11-18-2GPSIIR-M,GPS,,2007-03-21,81GPSIIR-M456GPSIIR-M2007-10-17,2007-12-20,2008-03-15(ULA)-2GPSIIR-M:,;2;;2,20074(GPSBlockIII),GPSIII1.2GLONASS[8]GLONASS(globalnavigationsatellitesystem)2080GPS,3,1982,199524(21,3),30GLONASS19100km(GPS),11h15min,520043112004123GLONASS-MGLONASS(35),,GLONASS,812GLONASS16m,25mGLONASSGLONSS47P-1P-12AGLONASS-M,7,GLONASS,2004GLONASS-M2005-12-25,3GLONASS-K,2GLONASS-M,320074GLONASS1912,4,GLONASS16710GLONASS-MGLONASS-K3,1m2007-12-253(GLONASS)-M,-K2005GLONASS-K3,10,1/2,68GLONASS2008,8,2005201138,11GLONASS-M20GLONASS-K,24GLONASS1.3GALILEO1999(GALILEO)20023,(EU)GALI2LEOGALILEO3:(100m);,;,,GALILEO21,15,4,2005;,22,200626GALILEO:;(GPS,GLONASS);;GALILEO,,,2005-12-2711,,2GIOVE-B2007GALILEO,,2003920055GALILEO,GALILEO,GALI2LEO38,32,2,,GALILEO,,2,,20075101.42000,,200820093,31250mmS3.6km,1,,57,:GNSS22008362(GPS)24,100mm,,,,,,,(ISRO)20067,(IRNSS)7(/),,IRNSS,ISRO(AAI)GAGAN(GPS),,GAGANGSAT-4GPS(L1L5),GSAT-48,1(IN2MCC),1(INLUS),,,GPS,GLONASSGALILEO,,2GLONASS-M,GLONASS-K,200822.1BD-I20036,BD-I,,BD-I2170140,555BD-I3,,,BD-BD-I36000km,,:E80,E140,E110151BD-I1BD-IFig11BD-Iworkingsketchmap2.1.1BD-I(1),(2)(3),67100m(1),20m()540000/h2.1.2BD-IIII,1,2,,,2:,1,,1;,,,12,21,2,1,2,3,2.2BD-BD-BD-,530,,8,10-11/sBDII2020,2008,,,,,3BD-IGPSGLONASS(1)BD-I,;GPSGLONASS,,,(2)BD-I,,;GPSGLONASS4,3BD-I2,2,,(3),GPSGLONASS(4)BD-I,30m,,GPS15m,GLONASS2030m:[1].[M].:,2005.[2].GPS[M].:,2004.[3],.GPS/INS.:,1998[4],,.[J].,2003,(2):22-29.[5],./[J].,2005,(2):41-45.[6].[J].,2002,(2):53-58.[7],.[J].,2005,26(1):107-111.[8],.[R].,677,:GNSS:200.