英国文学简答题

MakeabriefcommentontheRenaissance............................................................3WhatarethefeaturesofShakespeare’sdrama?Givesomeexamples................3Whyisthe18thcenturycalledtheAgeofEnlightenment?...................................3GiveabriefcommentontheworkPrideandPrejudice.........................................4MakeabriefcommentonCriticalRealism............................................................4MakeacommentonCharlesDickens’novels....................................................4GiveabriefanalysisonthecharacterJaneEyreinCharlotteBronte’swork......5MakeacommentonModernism,includingthehistoricalbackgroundandthecharacteristics.................................................................................................................5MetaphysicalPoetry...............................................................................................6EnglishRomanticism.............................................................................................6GiveabriefanalysisonthecharacterHamlet........................................................6TheWritingStyleofFrancisBacon’sEssays.........................................................7LakePoets...............................................................................................................7MakeabriefcommentontheRenaissance.Renaissancemarksthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.ItfirststartedinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Theword“Renaissance”meansrebirthorrevival.Inessence,itisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEuropeandintroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,andtolifttherestrictioninallareasplacedbytheRomanCatholicChurchauthorities.Twofeaturesofrenaissance:Itisathirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliterature.PeoplelearnedtoadmiretheGreekandLatinworksasmodelsofliteraryform.Itisthekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.WhatarethefeaturesofShakespeare’sdrama?Givesomeexamples.1)Heisoneofthefoundersofrealisminworldliterature.2)Hisdramaticcreationoftenusedthemethodofadoption.3)Hislongexperiencewiththestageandhisintimateknowledgeofdramaticartthusacquiredmakehimamasterhandforplaywriting.4)Hewasskilledinmanypoeticforms:thesong,thesonnet,thecouplet,andthedramaticblankverse.Heisathomewithblankverse.5)HewasagreatmasteroftheEnglishlanguage.ShakespeareandtheauthorizedbiblearethetwogreattreasuriesoftheEnglishlanguage.6)ShakespearehasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedtobethesummitoftheEnglishrenaissance,andoneofthegreatestwritersoftheworldover.Whyisthe18thcenturycalledtheAgeofEnlightenment?The18th-centuryEnglandisknownastheAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason.1)TheEnlightenmentMovementwasaprogressiveintellectualmovementwhichflourishedinFrance&sweptthroughthewholeWesternEuropeatthetime.2)ThemovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15th&16thcenturies.3)Itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodemphilosophical&artisticideas.4)Englishenlightenersbelievedinthepowerofreason.Theyconsideredthatsocialproblemscouldbesolvedbyhumanintelligence.5)TheEnlightenerscriticizeddifferentaspectsofcontemporaryEngland,discussedsociallifeaccordingtoamorereasonableprinciple.6)TheEnlightenercelebratedreasonorration,equality,scienceandhumanbeings’abilitytoperfectthemselvesandtheirsociety.Theycalledforareferencetoorder,reason&rules&advocateduniversaleducation.7)FamousamongthegreatenlightenersinEnglandwerethosegreatwriterslikeJohnDryden,Alexanderpope&soon.GiveabriefcommentontheworkPrideandPrejudice.PrideandPrejudice,similartootherJaneAusten'snovels,iswritteningentleorHoraciansatire.Misunderstandingsandbitternessarethenaturalconsequenceofbothprideandprejudice.SonevereasilyformprejudiceofothersbeforeyoureallyknowthetruthBothmoneyandloveareimportantforahappymarriage,butthatdoesn’tmeanthatyouhavetobemercenary（唯利是图的)andmarrythemanjustformoney.Marrytheman,whoreallyloveyouandcangiveyouhappinessandthatisthemostimportantthingformarriage.MakeabriefcommentonCriticalRealism.TheEnglishcriticalrealistsofthe19thcenturynotonlygaveasatiricalportrayalofthebourgeoisieandalltherulingclasses,butalsoshowedprofoundsympathyforthecommonpeople.Intheirbestworks,thegreedandhypocrisyoftheupperclassesarecontrastedwiththehonestyandgood-heartednessoftheobscure“simplepeople”ofthelowerclasses.HencehumorandsatireaboundintheEnglishrealisticnovelsofthe19thcentury.Humorousscenessetofftheactionsofthepositivecharacters,andthehumorisoftentingedwithalyricismwhichservestostressthefinequalitiesofsuchcharacters.Atthesametime,bittersatireandgrotesqueisusedtoexposetheseamysideofthebourgeoissociety.Criticalrealismrevealsthecorruptinginfluenceoftheruleofcrashuponhumannature.Hereliestheessentiallydemocraticandhumanisticcharacterofcriticalrealism.Butthecriticalrealistsdidnotfindawaytoeradicatethesocialevilstheyknewsowell.Theydidnotrealizethenecessityofchangingthebourgeoissocietythroughconscioushumaneffort.Theywereunabletofindagoodsolutiontotheso