名词性从句&状语从句详解及练习

高中英语主要要掌握三大从句。分别是：1、名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）2、状语从句（副词性从句，包括时间，地点，结果，目的，原因等）3、定语从句（形容词从句）名词性从句1.定义：从句在句子中充当名词。1.分类：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。（从句在句中充当成份）2.连接词：1）连词：that(无意义，不充当成份)，if/wether(无意义，是否)，asif,asthough(好像，似乎)2）连接代词：what(充当主，宾，表，什么)，who(主宾表，指人)，whom(宾，指人)，which(主宾表，定，哪一个)，whose(定语，谁的)3）连接副词：when(时间状语，什么时候)，where（地点状语，什么地方），why(原因状语，为什么)，how(方式状语，怎么样，如何)4）复合连词：whatever（不管什么），whoever(不管是谁)，whichever（不管哪个），whomever（不管是谁），whenever（不管什么时候），wherever（不管什么地方），however（不管怎样）一，主语从句1.定义：从句在句中充当主语，常位于句首或者动词be动词之前他获得一得奖一事使他很兴奋。That(不充当成份，无意思)hegotthefirstpriceexcitedhim.她能来我们很高兴。Thatshewasabletocomemadeushappy.我们是否能准时到达那儿还不确定.Whetherwecangetthereontimeisdoubtful.我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。Whatweshoulddowiththeproblemisundecided.我们所需要的是时间。Whatweneedistime.对她来说，最重要的是她的家庭。Whatisimportanttoherisherfamily.谁去都是一样的。、Whowillgomakesnodifference.哪一组赢得比赛还不知道。Whichteamwillwinthegameisstillunknown.她去哪了还是个迷Whereshehasgoneisamystery.这个怎么发生的还不清楚。Howthishappenedisnotclear.他们什么时候开始还不知道。Whentheywillstartisstillunkownyet.无论你说什么都会让她生气。Whateveryousaywillmadeherangry.无论是谁，第一个来就可以获得礼物。Whoevercomesfirstcangetapresent.2.形式主语：1).that引导从句做主语时，为了避免头重脚轻，常用It做形式上的主语而将That从句放句末。That(不充当成份，无意思)hegotthefirstpriceexcitedhim.=Itexcitedhimthathegotthefirstprice.2).常见的形式主语结构1.It+系动词+形容词+That从句Itisclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.2.It+系动词+名词+That从句（apity,ashame,afact,anhonour,awonder,nowonder,goodnews）Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendtheirwedding.Itisnowonderthatyouhaveachievedsomuchsuccess.3.It+系动词+动词过去分词+that(expected,reported,thought,decided,announced)Itissaidthatnopassengerswereinjuredintheaccident.Itisannouncedthattheplanhasbeensuccessfullycarriedout.4.It+特殊动词+that从句（常用动词seem，appear显得，happen，matter，turnout，occurtosb某人突然想起）Itseemstomethatheobjectstotheplan.IthappenedthatImetanoldfriendonthestreetyesterday.二，表语从句1.定义：充当表语，位与系动词（常常是be动词）动词之后。Thefactisthatweshoulddependonourselves.Thequestioniswhetherwecanreducethecostoftheproject.2.其它引导词：Asif,as,asthough此类表语从句常跟在特殊词后面，如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel.Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingthedoor.Youlookjustasyoulooked10yearsago.3.reason主语时候表语从句，用that引导，不用Why.但是引导的定语从句用whyThereasonisthatthedrivewasdrunk.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tpasstheexamwasthathewastoocareless.4.当主语表示“plan,advice,suggestion,order,request”等计划，命令，建议，请求时，表语从句用shouldMysuggestionisthatweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustlayingitaside.Thedoctor’sadviceisthatyoushouldlieinbedforafewdays.三，同位语从句1.定义：从句在句中充当同位语，用来解释说明某一名词内容的从句，总是跟在一个名词后面，该名词是先行词。同位语是对句中某一成份作进一步解释，说明，与前面的词在语法上处于同等地位的成份。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.Theproblemwhytheearthisbicomingwarmerandwarmerisstillunderdiscussion.Wordcamethathehasbeenabroad.2.不是所有的名词的都跟同位语，只有有一定内涵内容的名词才可以跟同位语。如advice，belief，doubt，explanation，fact，fear，feeling，hope,fact,idear,feeling，word.等。四，宾语从句(that常常可以省略)1.定义：从句充当宾语，位于动词或介词之后。Hesaidthathecouldn’tfinishhisworkbeforedusk.Doyouknowwhoisinchargeofthecompany?Idon’tknowwhenwewillmeetagain.Sheisalwaysthinkingofhowshecandomoreforothers.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.(介词之后的宾语从句一般用whether，而不用if)2.形式宾语:1)feel,find,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，将That从句置后。IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheparty.Weallfinditimportantthatweshouldmakeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.2)有些动词后一般不直接跟宾语从句，而补充个It,这些动词有hate,like,dislike,love,take,seeto,dependon,,relyon,enjoy,appreciate,answarfor,feellike,befondof,counton等。Itakeitthatyoudon’tagreewithme.Iwillappreciateitifyoucanhelpme.3.宾语从句的否定转移：主句动词是think，believe，imagine，suppose，consider，expect，fancy,guess等。主语是第一人称，一般现在时，从句的否定转移到主句上来。Idon’tthinkthey’llstickouttothelastminute.Idon’tsupposethat’shisfault.总结名词性从句连接词的选择1.先判断从句类型，动词，be动词前面主语从句，动词介词后面宾语从句，Be后表语从句。名词后表语从句。2.判断从句缺什么成分：从句有及物动词，缺宾语；从句空格直接跟动词缺主语。1.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact2.“IsMaryfromNewYorkCity”“Idon'tknow_______.”A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecomeC.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever4.ThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgot5.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.For6.Henrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy________.A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdoneso7.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever8.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat9.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee10.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.A.If…doB.That…doC.If…doesD.That…does状语从句是一种作状语用的从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句，补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。九种状语从句及常见的引导词【时间状语从句】when,while,as,before,after,since（自从…以来）,till(until),assoonas(刚一…马上就…),once(一旦),whenever等。特殊引导词：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant=instantly,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when(1)当表示“一„„就„„”的连接词时，可以用到nosooner…than,hardly…when但是当hardly,nosooner放于句首时，主句必须部分倒装；若从句用一般过去式，主句要使用