名词性从句复习

高二英语预备知识复习——名词性从句一、名词怎么怎么用？？？名词在句中可充当：1、主语(subject)：Thegamesbroughtusalotoffun.2、表语(predicative)：Hissonisabigtrouble.3、宾语(objective)：Herestedhisheadagainstthewall.4、同位语(appositive)：MrsWhite’sclosestfriend,alittledog,diedyesterday.二、什么叫名词性从句？1.主语从句（subjectiveclause)：Thathemissedsuchagoodchancetotakeafurtherstudyabroadmadehismotherfrustrated.2.表语从句(predicativeclause):Thetroubleisthatheneverlistenstooursuggestions.3.宾语从句(objectiveclause):Hetoldmethathehadwatchedthenewmovie.Todaywearegoingtotalkabouthowweshoulddealwiththisproblem.4.同位语(appositiveclause):Thenewsthatthetornadowilldevelopoverthisareahasmadeallthevillagersupset.名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句判断下列名词性从句的类型：Theparentsweresurprisedthattheirbabycouldwalksosteadily.Thepossibilitythatourdinnerpartymightbeputoffmakesthechildrenalittleupset.Howtheybrokeintoourhouseisstillunknown.Thetruthisthatthefivesensesareallimportanttous.宾从同位语从句主语从句表语从句Thequestioniswhyhecheatedus.Thatwewillfinishthistaskbytheendofnextmonthisoutofquestion.AllthekidsshowedgreatinterestinwhetherSantaClauswouldbringgiftstothem.Sherefusedtoanswerthequestionwhyshegotsoangryatthemeeting.宾从同位语从句主语从句表语从句名词性从句的本质：三种句式充当四种成分陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句句主语宾语表语同位语三、名词性从句的关系词怎么用？名词性从句引导词thatif/whetherwh-—陈述句—一般疑问句—特殊疑问句1.名词性从句的that引导陈述句，在从句中不占任何成分。Thatwecouldn’tfindourwayoutwasreallybadnews.Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallman.Thetruthisthatyoudidhimwrong.Thefactthatyoudidhimwrongmadehimveryangry.2.引导名词性从句的that在非宾语从句中不可省，宾语从句中的that在大多数情况下可省，但也有例外：A)介词后的that不可省Thereasonliesinthatthefogistoothick.B)宾语从句有插入成分时，that不可省Hetoldmethatifitrained,hewouldstayathome.Hetoldme(that)hewouldstayathomeifitrained.C)当多个宾语从句并列时，that不可省Hesaidthathewouldbefreenextweekandthathemightvisitusthen.Nobodyknewwhathadhappenedandthatshewassoworried.3.介词后的名词性从句（宾从）通常不能由that引导，但in或except后面的名词性从句例外。Theproblemliesinthatthemistmaybecomeathickfog.Ididn’ttellhimanythingexceptthatIwasn’tabletofindmywayback.4.reason后面的表语从句只能由that引导，不可用because引导。Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathisbikebrokedownontheway.because?1.if/whether引导一般疑问句充当的名词性从句；原先的疑问句语序在从句中应转换为陈述句语序。Shewondered.Wouldthebusesstillberunning?Shewonderedif/whetherthebuseswouldstillberunning.2.下列情况只用whether，不用if：Whetheritisgoingtoclearupkeepsmewondering.Thetroubleiswhetherhewouldhelpus.Theresultwhetherheisabletopasstheexamisstillunknown.A)引导非宾语从句时,只用whether：Whetheritisinsummerorinwinter,Hainanisagoodplacetobe.B)介词后的宾语从句只用whether.Sheisn’tcertainaboutwhethershehasdoneanythingwrong.C)跟or连用时通常用whether.IwanttoknowwhetherornotthetraingoestoKingStreet.TheteacheraskedmewhetherIwenttoschoolbybikeorbybus.1.名词性从句的疑问词引导疑问句，在从句中要占成分。2.疑问词引导的名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。3.在任何情况下引导名词性从句的疑问词都不可省。Ican’tunderstandwhathesaid.Ican’tunderstandwhyhewaslate.四、三个重要的相关问题一、比较同位语从句和定语从句：A)ThefactthatPollytoldusistrue.B)ThefactthatPollydidn’taskfortheman’snameisapity.定语从句同位语从句A)Thesuggestionthatyoumadeatthemeetingsoundsreasonable.B)Thesuggestionthatweshouldgotherebytaxisoundsreasonable.定语从句同位语从句A)Thereasonwhyherefusedtoanswerthequestionisquiteclear.B)Alltheworkersdon’tbelievethereasonthatheexplainedtothemyesterday.C)Hegotherelateforthereasonthathehadmissedtheearlybus.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句和定语从句的区别：•同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的具体解释；定语从句是对先行词的修饰限定。•同位语从句的引导词that不占成分；定语从句的引导词that在从句中占成分。•同位语从句的引导词that不可换成which,不可省略；定语从句的引导词that有时可换成which,有时可省。二、与形式主语(宾语)结构的转换1.主语从句和形式主语的转换ThatTomalwaysgetsupat6:00a.m.,finishesschoolat5:00p.m.andgoestobedat10:00p.m.isarule.ItisarulethatTomalwaysgetsupat6:00a.m.,finishesschoolat5:00p.m.andgoestobedat10:00p.m..常见的形式主语结构：Itissaidthat……据说Itisreportedthat……据报道Itisknowntousthat……众所周知Itiscommonlythoughtthat……普遍认为Itisveryclearthat……很明显2.宾语从句和形式宾语的转换Wethinkthatweshouldtryourbesttopreventthepeopleinthisareacuttingdowntreesnecessary.Wethinkitnecessarythatweshouldtryourbesttopreventthepeopleinthisareacuttingdowntrees.三.-ever系列的复合不定代词引导名词性从句的意义——“任何”I’dliketodowhateverIlike.Whoeverislatecan’tgounpunished.Pickoutwhosevercoversarebroken.引导状语从句的意义——“无论”Howeverhardthejobis,Iwon’tgiveup.=Nomatterhowhardthejobis,Iwon’tgiveup.