literature-achievements-of-the-Renaissance

literatureachievementsoftheRenaissancecontentsTheRenaissanceTheFeaturesofRenaissanceLiteratureTheCoreIdeaofRenaissanceLiteratureTheliteratureAchievementsTheRenaissanceThisisagreatestandmostadvancedrevolutioninthehumanhistory.Thisistheagethegiantsareneededandproduced.——F.EnglesTheFeaturesofRenaissanceLiterature（1485-1660）“Rebirth”ofclassicalGreeceandRomeBeganinItaly，thenmovedtonorthernEuropeEmphasisonhumanisticeducationforstatesmanshipFocusontheindividualandaconcernwiththefullestpossiblecultivationofhumanpotentialthroughpropereducation;focusonindividualconsciousnessandtheInteriormindConcernwiththerefinementofthelanguageandthedevelopmentofanational,vernacular（白话的,民族的）literatureTheCoreIdeaofRenaissanceLiteratureHumanismPursuitofindividualismRecognitionthathumansarecreativeAppreciationofartasaproductofmanLifecouldbeenjoyableItalialiterature前三杰薄伽丘但丁彼特拉克ThreeoutstandingheroesofFlorenceliteratureFlorence意大利城市佛罗伦萨DanteAlighieri(1265－1321):ItalyisthebirthplaceoftheEuropeanRenaissance,humanismhademergedintheworksofDante.DantetogetherwithPetrarchandBoccaccioknownasthethreeoutstandingheroesofFlorenceliteratureLovepoetrynewborn爱情诗歌《新生》Poetryofphilosophy“Banquet”哲学诗歌《宴会》lyricsversepoem抒情诗《诗句集》thelongpoem“DivineComedy长诗《神曲》Dante：ThefounderofModernItalian:oneofthepioneeringfiguresinTheEuropeanRenaissance“Thebasinetofthefeudalismendandmoderncapitalismbeginningofareignofstartingpoint,takeasomebodyasmarkingof,thispersonbeanItalianbutD,hisbeingabasinetbethelastpoet,inthemeantimeagainisamoderneraoffirstapoet”封建的中世纪的终结和现代资本主义纪元的开端，是以一位大人物为标志的，这位人物就是意大利人但丁，他是中世纪的最后一位诗人，同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人GiovanniBoccaccio(1313－1375)HeisthewriterandpoetinItalianRenaissance.MotivateItalianhumanismliterature’sdevelopmentintoanewheight.MasterpieceDecameroncriticizedreligiousandconservativethoughtandadvocatedhappinessintheworld,whichwasconsideredasadeclarationoftherenaissance.DecameronIn1348,aterribleplagueattackedFlorence.Everyday,eveneveryhour,largenumbersofhumanremainswerecarriedtotheoutskirtsofthetown.FromMarchtoJuly,thedeathtollamountedtomorethan100000,FlorenceCity,becameacemetery,whichisfullofwildland,bones.noonecouldbeartolookatit.Inordertorecordhumandisaster,Boccacciotookthisplagueasabackground,wroteoneoftheItaly'smostfamousshortstorycollectionDecameron.Atthattime,Decameronwasreferredtoasthemusic,whichisknownasacompanionwithDante’sDivineComedy”.FrancescoPetrarch(1304-1374)Heisconsideredtobethefirsthumanistscholar,knownasthefatherofhumanism.HeisamasterofancientGreeceandancientRomeliteraturescholarsPetrarchwithhissonnets《歌集》MaybehisfamousworkisAfrica.AndTheCanzonmereexpresstheauthor’struelovetohisgirlfriendLauraandtheviewofloveandhappiness.Hepraisedthebeautyofthegirlinthereality,heconsideredyoungmenandwomenhavetherighttoenjoythelove.HelapsedintoextremelysadwhenLauradiedofillness.Apainfulemotioncaneasilyseeninhispoem.SuchfeelingshavegotridoftheabstractandsymbolicsignificanceofmedievalliteratureEnglishliteratureThomasMooreThefirstoftheEnglishhumanistswasSirThomasMoore(1478-1535)HeauthoredUtopia(乌托邦)Shakespeare(1564-1616)AchievementsHeproducedaltogether37playsandover100poemsthroughouthiswritingcareerThreephasesThereignofQueenElizabethI:AMid-SummerNight’sDream《仲夏夜之梦》andTwelfthNight《第十二夜》Thepoliticalconflictswereintensified:Hamlet《哈姆雷特》Othello《奥赛罗》KingLear《李尔王》andsoonThewritingofplaysrelatedtomyth:TheWinter’sTale《冬天的故事》TheTempest《暴风雨》FrancisBacon(1561—1626)◎InElizabethanPeriod,hewrotemorethan50excellentessays,whichmadehimoneofthebestessayistsinEnglishliterature,suchasOfStudies,OfYouthandAge,TheAdvancementofLearning,TheNewInstrument,Essays,TheNewAtlantics◎TheintellectualenergyoftheEnglishRenaissanceshoweditselfintheachievementofFrancisBacon,thefounderofEnglishmaterialistsphilosophy,thefounderofmodernscienceinEngland,thefirstEnglishessayist.◎Writingstyle:directness,terseness,andforcefulness.notedfortheirclearness,brevityandforceofexpression.Hissentencesareshort,pointed,incisive,andoftenofbalancedstructureBacon’sWorksPhilosophical:AdvancementofLearning《论学术的进展》NovumOrganum《新工具》Literary:Essays《随笔》TheNewAtlantics《新大西岛》Professional:MaximoftheLaw《法律箴言》ReadingontheStatuteofUses《谈使用法则》时间领域代表人物作品14世纪文学“前三杰”意大利薄伽丘《十日谈》但丁《神曲》彼特拉克人文主义之父15世纪艺术“后三杰”意大利16世纪传播到英国莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》总结OfStudiesOfStudiesisthemostpopularofBacon’s58essays.Itanalyzeswhatstudieschieflyservefor,thedifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies,andhowstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharacter.Forcefulandpersuasive,compactandprecise,OfStudiesrevealstousBacon’smatureattitudetowardslearning.Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatisawisdomwithoutthem,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。TheEnd