小学英语名词语法讲解(附习题及答案)

指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。可分为专有名词与普通名词，可数名词与不可数名词，简单名词与复合名词。普通名词：人和物，物有可数名词和不可数名词。专有名词：人名、地名、国家名、单位名、组织名（有一个特点：第一字母是大写的）（一）名词的所有关系①在英语中，有些名词可以加’s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。大多数表示有生命的东西。但是表示时间的名词特殊如.Tom’sbookMymother’sbook3hours’time②如果复数名词末尾已有s’。如theteachers’office③如果一些物品为两者共有，只需在后一个名词后加’s；如果为各自所有，则需在每个名词后加’s。如.LucyandLily’sbedroom.Lucy和LilyLucy’sandLily’sbedrooms.Lucy和Lily④表示无生命的物体的名词所有格，一般与of短语连用。如amapoftheworldaphotoofmyfamily⑤of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起表示所有关系。如afriendofmyfather’s（二）可数名词前加a或者an规则：辅音前面加a，元音前面加an。首先要分清是可数还是不可数名词。还要记一些特殊情况的单词。(1)不可数名词：oil,water,sugar,milk,flour,coffee,rubbish,paper,soup,ink,cabbage,meat,wood,money,beer,cloth,ice前面不能加a或者an(2)国家名前面也不能加a或者an(3)这几个单词前需要加a:(a)Unit,(a)university,(a)uniform（三）可数名词变复数1.不可数名词都默认为单数2.名词单数转换为复数各种不同情况变化方法例词一般情况直接加-sbook-booksbag-bagscat-catsbed-beds以s.x.sh.ch结尾以o结尾的表示有生命动植物加-esbus-busesbox-boxesbrush-brusheswatch-watchespeach—peachesglass—glassestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加-esfamily-familiesstudy--studies以“f或fe”结尾变f或fe为v，再加-esknife-knivesleaf——leaves不规则名词复数man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenpolicewoman-policewomenmouse-micefoot-feetchild-childrenfish-fishChinese-Chinese习题：一、根据题意选出正确的答案1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson5.Helpyourselfto__________.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeterC.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience二、请写出下列词的复数形式。city_____zoo______country_____tooth____mouse_____book__________dress_________sheep___________tea______strawberry_________peach__________sandwich__________paper_________juice__________water____________fish_________三、填入所给名词的正确形式1.Ihavetwo____________(knife)2.Therearemany___________here.(box)3.Therearemany___________ontheroad.(bus)4.Afew___________aredrawingonthewall.(boy)5.The______________areplayingfootballnow.(child)6.Pleasetaketwo_______________forme.(photo)7.Ilikethered________________.(tomato)8.Wouldyoupleasecleanyour_____________now?(tooth)9.Doyouwantsome_________?(milk)10.Thereareten_______________inourschool.(womanteacher)答案：一、CCABDCCDBB二citieszooscountriesteethmicebooksdressessheepteasstrawberriespeachessandwichespapersjuicewaterfish二．1.knives2.boxes3.buses4.boys5.children6.photos7.tomatoes8.teeth9.milk10.womenteachersteacher:tom,whyareyoulateforschooleveryday?tom:everytimeicometothecorner,asignsays,school-goslow.老师：汤姆，您为什么每天上学迟到？汤姆：我每次路过拐角，一个路标上面写着：学校----慢行。