英美两党制的异同比较

:2004-10-20:(1970-),,,,21320056JOURNALOFSHANGQIUTEACHERSCOLLEGEVol.21No.3June.2005禄德安(,100872):英美两国的两党制存在着不同之处:产生的历史背景和方式不同;组织纪律严密严格程度不同;执政与在野的区分程度不同;各自所联系的国家政权形式不同;在执政过程中的具体作用不同两国的两党制也存在着相同之处:都具有资产阶级政党的一般功能;都是资产阶级统治的方式;20世纪90年代两国的执政党政策都出现/中间道路0的趋势:英国;美国;两党制:D052:A:1672-3600(2005)03-0104-03,[1](P175),11,,1679,,,/0(WhigParty),,,,(TolyParty),,,,,,,,,1930,56,,,,,20,,,,,,,/0/0,1792,1794,,,,21,,/,,,,0[2](P71),,/,,,-.-.,,,0[3],,,/,,,,,[2](P71),:,,,,,,,,,()/0,,,(),20,,,(,,),,,[4],31,,,,18,,,,/,,,,,,,0[2](P70),,,,,/,,,,-.,,,,,0[5]41,,,,,[6],,,,,51,,,,,,/,,,0[7],,,,,,,/,,,,,,,-.0[8]11#,,:;;;;;[9],,,,21,,,,,,,,,,312090/0,90,1994,/0,,1995,,/,,0[10]/0,/0[11],,,1053:,,,;,,,70,,/0/0,,,,,,[12],,,,/0,,,,60,,,60;,,19641972,/,,,0[13]19921996,/01996,1996,,,,,/,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,0[14]:[1].[M].:,2001.[2].[J].(),1999,(3).[3].[J].,1999,(2).[4]FredR.Harris,RandyRoberts,Margarets.Elliston,Under2standingAmericanGovernment[M],Scott,Foresman/Little,BrownCollegeDivision,SCOn,ForesmanandCompany,1988,p.234-235.[5].[J].(),2003,(1).[6].[M],:,1993.[7].[J].,1997,(1).[8].[M].:,2002.42-44.[9]()#,.()[M].:,2002.216)218.[10].[M].:,1997.204.[11]JohnKingdom,GovernmentandPoliticsinBritain[M].AnIntroduction3rd,BlackwellPublishingLtd,2002,p.297-298.[12].1997[J].,1998,(6).[13]A1anGrant,TheAmericanPoliticalProcess[M],3rd,GowerPublishingCompanyLimited,1985.P181.[14].[J].,1997,(9).SimilaritiesandDifferencesbetweentheTwo2party2systemsintheUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStatesLUDe.an(SchoolofInternationalRelations,ChinaPeople.sUniversity,Beijing,100872)Abstract:Thedifferencesbetweenthetwo-party-systemsintheUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStateslieinthedifferenthistori2calbackground,differentways,differentdegreesinthecompactnessinorganizationandstrictnessindiscipline,differentdegreesinthedivisionofthepartyinpowerandthepartyoutofpower,differentformsofstatepowerstheyarelinkedwith,andthedifferentwaysofoperationintheprocessofexercisingtheirpowers.Atthesametimetherearesomesimilarities:Withallthegeneralfunc2tionsofbourgeoisparties,thesystemsarealltheformsofthebourgeoisgovernment;inthe90sof20thcenturythereisatendencythatthepartiesofthetwocountriesinpowerallhaveadoptedtheneutralroad.KeyWords:theUnitedKingdom;theUnitedStates;two2party2system;similarities;differences1062005