2014届高三高考英语复习计划 现在分词-过去分词

制作者：尹益平现在分词过去分词1.作定语2.作表语4.作状语3.作宾补现在分词（一）作定语1.动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如：ThesleepingboyisTom.2.现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如：zxxkTellthechildrenplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise.=Tellthechildrenwhoareplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise.3.现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。例如：Tom,wearingbeautifulclothes,followedmedownthehill.=Tom,whoiswearingbeautifulclothes,followedmedownthehill.4.有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如：ThisisanEnglish-speakingcountry.（二）作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing,discouraging,puzzling,refreshing,astonishing,exciting等。例如：Thestoryismoving.（三）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如：Weallfoundhisequipmentinteresting.(主表关系)IsawMarygoingupstairsthen.(主谓关系)（四）作状语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。1.作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。例如：Beingill,Marydidn'tcometoschoolyesterday(=AsMarywasill,shedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday)Motherbeingill,Maryhadtolookafterher.2.作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。例如：Seeingtheirteachercoming,thestudentsstoppedtalking.(Whenthestudentssawtheirteachercoming,theystoppedtalking.)如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如：Whilewaitingfortheplane,IhadalongtalkwithSimon3.作条件状语V-ing形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：Workingharder,you'llbeNo.1inyourclass.(=Ifyouworkhard,you'llbeNo.1inyourclass.)学科网4.作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。例如：Weighingalmosttwohundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.(=Althoughthestoneweighedalmosttwohundredjin…5.作结果状语。例如：Hedied,leavingnothingbutdebts.6.作伴随状语或方式状语。例如：Hesatbytheroadside,begging.（五）现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如：Havingfinishedhishomework,helefttheclassroom.（六）现在分词的被动式当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing形式的被动式。例如：Thefactorybeingbuiltnowisabigone.（七）现在分词的否定形式是由“not+现在分词”构成。例如：Nothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,shehadtostayhome1.作定语2.作表语4.作状语3.作宾补过去分词单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.过去分词作表语1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。①Theglassisbroken.TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.②Thewindowsareclosed.ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?Theygotveryexcited.③Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.④He’squiteexperiencedinteachingbeginners.②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?Well,hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.过去分词作表语C该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay过去分词作宾补1.从时间上：表动作已经完成。come,go,fall,change(表位移,变化的不及物动词)Ifoundthecountrysidechangedalot.2.从语态上:表被动.Iwanttogetmyhaircuttomorrow.过去分词作宾补1.表“希望，要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)doneIwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find,think+object+p.p.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.make,get,have,keep3.使役动词Iwanttogetmyhaircuttomorrow.=Iwanttogetthebarbertocutmyhair.=Iwanttoletthebarbercutmyhair.4.介词短语作宾补with,without+n.+p.p.Doyouknowthemanwithhishandstiedback?Theyleftwithoutadishtouched.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_____behindshisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tiedD过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。组卷网a、表示时间Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.b、表示条件Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.c、表示原因d.表示伴随情况e.表示让步Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.过去分词1.作状语___inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostDToloseC1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语应是主句主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought按句子提供的语境可用结构B.学习计划：学习计划论坛：