2014高考英语【牛津・江苏专用】全程复习方略配套课件： 写作点拨系列(三)段落写作之主题句和支持句

写作点拨系列（三）段落写作之主题句和支持句【核心点拨】一、主题句概括段落的主要内容，确定段落的主题，限定该主题在本段落详细讨论的范围，是整个段落的纲领，此句即为主题句。围绕主题句，作者通过列举事实、提供例证、描写细节、说明理由等逐步展开段落。1.主题句的位置(1)主题句通常置于段落开头，开门见山摆出问题，随之辅以细说。其作用是便于读者迅速地把握主题，抓住段落的中心思想。此为演绎法(deduction)，便于初学者仿效。Nowadays,everystudentpaysenoughattentiontostudyhabitbecauseofitsimportance.Asforme,Ihavethreewaystoimprovemystudyhabit.段落第一句是主题句，道出了全段的中心思想——学习习惯。studyhabit是关键词。(2)主题句也常置于段落末尾。作者先不说出本段的中心思想，一直留到最后才披露。这可以给读者设置一种悬念，迫切想要读下去，同时给读者的印象也特别深刻。放在段末的主题句，通常还有对前面所述作总结的作用。这可称为归纳法(induction)。Asthesayinggoes,geniusistheproductoftheloneliness.Einsteinisagoodexample.Therefore,ontheonehand,theonlychildfeelslonely.Ontheotherhand,onecanenjoylonelinesswhenthinking.Lonelinessbringsmorechancestothinkofmeaningsaboutlifeandfuture.Inaword,theonlychildnotonlyfeelslonelybutalsocangetsomebenefits.Learningtoenjoyloneliness,onewouldbeeasiertotastethereallife.最后一个段落为总结性段落，最后一句为结论性主题句，点出了本篇文章作者写作的目的就是让人们学会享受孤独，品尝真正的人生。(3)有时主题句会出现在段落中间，也有时主题句含而不露，隐藏在全段的字里行间。2.主题句的写法主题句的句子结构和思想内容必须完整、清楚、具体，不能模棱两可、空泛。要避免不完整(incomplete)、不清楚(unclear)、过于笼统(general)，如作文题目是TheAdvantagesofTravel(旅行的好处)。试比较其中一段的主题句，前三种写法均不可取。不完整Enjoythebeautifulsceneryindifferentplaces.不清楚Totravel，oneneedstoknowsomethingaboutit.太笼统Bytravellingoneenjoysalot.较好Bytravellingonecanenjoythebeautifulsceneryindifferentplaces.二、支持句通过给出一些例子、原因、事实、统计数据或引文等，对主题句作进一步的阐述、说明的句子即为支持句。特点通常包含若干个句子，置于段落的中间，是段落的主体部分。在文章写作时，支持句的多少、长短要适中，重点突出。【对点训练】Ⅰ.请找出下面短文段落的主题句和支持句①Nowadays,drinkinganddrivingisbecomingaheatedtopicamongpeopleinChina.Here,I’dliketoairmyviewsaboutit.②Asisknowntousall,drinkinganddrivingisasortofterriblebehaviorthatwillthreatenthesafetyofpeople,includingthedriverhimself.答案：①主题句②支持句③Manyofthetrafficaccidentscausedbydrinkinganddrivinghavebroughtabouttrafficjams,injuriesandevendeaths.④Besides,agreatdealofmoneyhastobespenttreatingtheinjuredandrepairingthebrokencars,whichmeansawasteofmoney.答案：③支持句④支持句Ⅱ.用恰当的主题句和支持句补全短文Inmoderntimes,moreandmoreparentsdevotetheirenergytotheircareerduetofiercecompetition,thuscaringlessabouttheirchildren.__________________________________________________(许多人选择用钱来奖励孩子)fortheprogresstheyhavemadeintheirstudies.ManyofthemchoosetorewardtheirchildrenwithmoneyHowever,Idon’tthinkthisisaproperway.Firstly,ifthechildrenarealwaysrewardedwithmoneywhentheygethighmarks,___________________________________(他们的注意力会集中在钱上)insteadofthepleasureofstudying.________________________________(他们中的一些人就会不努力学习)assoonastheygetwhattheywant.Secondly,_________________________________(钱太多了会惯坏孩子),fortheyaretooyoungtomakegooduseofthemoney.Ithink________________________________________(对孩子们来说，拥抱的效果比钱好).theirattentionwillbefocusedonmoneySomeofthemwillstopworkinghardtoomuchmoneywillspoilthechildrenahugwillworkbetterforchildrenthanmoneyⅢ.请用恰当的主题句和支持句把下面这篇文章写出来(2013·西安模拟)近来我们学校正准备创建和申报“省绿色学校”，请你据此给某英文报写一篇短文，内容包括：1.绿色校园不仅是指绿色的环境……;2.建设绿色校园的重要性……;3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……注意：1.词数120个左右；2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；3.开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。Recently,ourschoolisaimingatbuildingagreenschool.Whatisagreenschool?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Recently,ourschoolisaimingatbuildingagreenschool.Whatisagreenschool?Itmeansnotonlyagreencampus,buta“green”atmosphereforourstudyandlife.(主题句)Foronething,agreencampusmeansmoreplants,lesspollutionandnowaste.(支持句①)Eachofuscandosomething,suchasplantingtreesandflowersorjustsavingelectricityandwaterinourdailylife.Itwillmakeabigdifference.Foranotherthing,itisnecessaryforusstudentstomakegreateffortstocreateaharmoniousatmosphereofmutualtrustandrespectbetweenteachersandstudents.(支持句②)Besides,itisimportanttokeepafriendlyandsupportiveattitudetowardseachother.(支持句③)Accordingly,ifeveryonedoesonethingforourschool,we’llsurelyturnourschoolintoabetterone.