Pride-and-Prejudice

英语小说的要素DorothyTasks•Knowthebasicelementsoffiction•AnalyzetheelementsinPrideandPrejudiceElementsofFiction•Setting•Character•Plot•PointofView•Theme•Symbolism•OtherSettingthetime,placeandperiodinwhichtheactiontakesplace.ItincludesThesocio-economiccharacteristicsofthelocationThegeographicallocationThetimeperiodThespecificlocation-building,room,etc.Settingcanhelpintheportrayalofcharacters.“Iwritethissittinginthekitchensink.Thatis,myfeetareinit;therestofmeisonthedraining-board.IcapturetheCastlebyDodieSmith“SirWalterScotttheYoungerofBuccleughwasinchurchmarryinghisauntthedaytheEnglishkilledhisgranny.DorothyDunnettDisorderlyKnightsSettinginsomeworksoffictionactionissocloselyrelatedtosettingthattheplotisdirectedbyit.FrancisSt.Croixspotteditfirst,ablackdotfloatinginanoceanofwaterandice.WhenheandErnierowedalongsideforalook,theycouldn'tbelievetheireyes.Therewasababyinsideamakeshiftcradleonanicepan,bobbinglikeanicecubeonthesea.HowhadababycometobeintheNorthAtlantic?LatitudesofMeltJoanClarkItwasabrightcolddayinApril,andtheclockswerestrikingthirteen.”GeorgeOrwell,1984;Settingcanestablishtheatmosphereofawork.Itwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes...ATaleofTwoCitiesItWasaDarkandStormyNight…SnoopySettinginPrideandPrejudice•time·SomepointduringtheNapoleonicWars(1797–1815)•place·Longbourn,inruralEnglandTypesofCharactersThepeople(oranimals,things,etc.presentedaspeople)appearinginaliterarywork.•RoundCharacter:convincing,truetolifeandhavemanycharactertraits.•DynamicCharacter:undergoessometypeofchangeinstorybecauseofsomethingthathappenstothem.•FlatCharacter:stereotyped,shallow,oftensymbolic.Theyhaveoneortwopersonalitytraits.•StaticCharacter:doesnotchangeinthecourseofthestoryCharacters•ProtagonistThemaincharacterinaliterarywork.•AntagonistThecharacterwhoopposestheprotagonist.•protagonist·ElizabethBennet•antagonist·Snobbishclass-consciousness(epitomizedbyLadyCatherinedeBourghandMissBingley)MethodsofCharacterization•direct-“hewasanoldman…•characters’thoughts,words,andactions•reactions/commentsofothercharacters•character’sphysicalappearanceHenolongerdreamedofstorms,norofwomen,norofgreatoccurrences,norofgreatfish,norfights,norcontestsofstrength,norofhiswife.Heonlydreamedofplacesnowandofthelionsonthebeach.Theyplayedlikeyoungcatsintheduskandhelovedthemashelovedtheboy.PlotTheseriesofeventsandactionsthattakesplaceinastory.BeginningExpositionsClimaxEndResolutionPlotLineExposition:Thestartofthestory.Thewaythingsarebeforetheactionstarts.RisingAction:theseriesofconflictsandcrisisinthestorythatleadtotheclimax.Climax:Theturningpoint.Themostintensemoment(eithermentallyorinaction.FallingAction:alloftheactionwhichfollowstheClimax.Resolution:Theconclusion,thetyingtogetherofallofthethreads.PlotLineExposition:Thestartofthestory.Thewaythingsarebeforetheactionstarts.RisingAction:theseriesofconflictsandcrisisinthestorythatleadtotheclimax.Climax:Mr.Darcy’sproposaltoElizabeth(VolumeIII,ChapterXVI)FallingAction:ThetwochaptersofthenovelafterDarcy’sproposalResolution:Theconclusion,thetyingtogetherofallofthethreads.ElementsofPlot•Conflict•ManVSMan•ManVSNature•ManVSSociety•ManVSHimselfPointofView:Theperspectivefromwhichthestoryistold.(Whoistellingthestory?)OmniscientPointofView:Theauthoristellingthestory.LimitedOmniscient:Thirdperson,toldfromtheviewpointofacharacterinthestory.FirstPerson:Storyistoldfrompointofviewofoneofthecharacterswhousesthefirstpersonpronoun“I.”PointofViewinPrideandPrejudice•ThenovelisprimarilytoldfromElizabethBennet’spointofview.TheThemeofapieceoffictionisitscentralidea.Itusuallycontainssomeinsightintothehumancondition.TheLiteraryElementofTheme•ageneralstatementofthecentral,underlying,andcontrollingideaorinsightofaworkofliterature.•theideathewriterwishestoconveyaboutthesubject—thewriter’sviewoftheworldorarevelationabouthumannature.•canbeexpressedinasinglesentence.ThemeisNOT-•expressedinasingleword•thepurposeofawork•themoral•theconflictTheLiteraryElementofThemeIdentifyingtheThemeinFiveStepsToidentifythetheme,besurethatyou’vefirstidentifiedthestory’splot,thewaythestoryusescharacterization,andtheprimaryconflictinthestory.1.Summarizetheplotbywritingaone-sentencedescriptionfortheexposition,theconflict,therisingaction,theclimax,thefallingaction,andtheresolution.2.Identifythesubjectofthework.3.Identifytheinsightortruththatwaslearnedaboutthesubject.•Howdidtheprotagonistchange?•Whatlessondidtheprotagonistlearnfromtheresolutionoftheconflict?4.Statehowtheplotpresentstheprimaryinsightortruthaboutthesubject.5.Writeoneormoregeneralized,declarativesentencesthatstatewhatwaslearnedandhowitwaslearned.ThemeLitmusTest•Isthethemesupportedbyevidencefromtheworkitself?•Arealltheauthor’schoicesofplot,character,conflict,andtonecontrolledbythistheme?SymbolismAsymbolrepresentsanidea,quality,orconceptlargerthanitself.AJourneycansymbolizelife.Blackcanrepresentevilordeath.Watermayrepresentanewbeginning.Alioncouldbeasymbolofcourage.OtherFictionElements•Allusion:areferencetoaperson,placeorliterary,historical,artistic,mythologicalsourceorevent.“ItwasinSt.Louis,Missouri,wher