8.The-Tide-Rises--the-Tide-Falls

TheTideRises,TheTideFalls潮涨潮落HenryWadsworthLongfellow亨利·沃兹渥斯·朗费罗HenryWadsworthLongfellow•ThemostpopularAmericanpoetofthe19thcentury•HispoetrywasadmiredthroughoutEuropeandtranslatedinto24languages.•HisbustwasplacedinthePoetsCornerinLondon’sWestminsterAbbeyafterhisdeath.•HenryWadsworthLongfellow(February27,1807–March24,1882)wasanAmericanpoetandeducator.HewasoneofthefiveFiresidePoets.•LongfellowwasborninPortland,Maine,thenpartofMassachusetts,andstudiedatBowdoinCollege.AfterspendingtimeinEuropehebecameaprofessoratBowdoinand,later,atHarvardCollege.HisfirstmajorpoetrycollectionswereVoicesoftheNight(1839)andBalladsandOtherPoems(1841).Hisfirstwife,MaryPotter,diedin1835afteramiscarriage.Hissecondwife,FrancesAppleton,diedin1861aftersustainingburnsfromherdresscatchingfire.Afterherdeath,Longfellowhaddifficultywritingpoetryforatimeandfocusedonhistranslation.Hediedin1882.•Longfellowpredominantlywrotelyricpoemswhichareknownfortheirmusicalityandwhichoftenpresentedstoriesofmythologyandlegend.HebecamethemostpopularAmericanpoetofhisdayandalsohadsuccessoverseas.Hehasbeencriticized,however,forimitatingEuropeanstylesandwritingspecificallyforthemasses.•WritingStyle•Thoughmuchofhisworkiscategorizedaslyricpoetry,Longfellowexperimentedwithmanyforms.Hispublishedpoetryshowsgreatversatility.Typically,Longfellowwouldcarefullyconsiderthesubjectofhispoeticideasforalongtimebeforedecidingontherightmetricalformforit.Muchofhisworkisrecognizedforitsmelody-likemusicality.Ashesays,whatawriterasksofhisreaderisnotsomuchtolikeastolisten.•Asaveryprivateman,Longfellowdidnotbelieveinaddingautobiographicalelementstohispoetry.Twoexceptionsarededicatedtothedeathofmembersofhisfamily.•Longfellowoftenuseddidacticisminhispoetry,thoughhefocusedonitlessinhislateryears.Muchofhispoetryimpartsculturalandmoralvalues,particularlyfocusedonpromotinglifeasbeingmorethanmaterialpursuits.Longfellowoftenusedallegoryinhiswork.Manyofthemetaphorsheusedinhispoetryaswellassubjectmattercamefromlegends,mythology,andliterature.Infact,LongfellowrarelywroteoncurrentsubjectsandseemeddetachedfromcontemporaryAmericanconcerns.Evenso,Longfellow,likemanyduringthisperiod,calledforthedevelopmentofhighqualityAmericanliterature.ReasonsforLongfellow’spopularity•Easyrhyme:hispoetrywithnaturalgraceandmelody.•Obviousthemes&plainlanguage•“Firesidepoets”:suitableforafamilytoreadaloudforentertainment.Longfellow’sMajorWorks•VoicesoftheNight《夜吟》hisfirstcollectionofpoems•BalladsandOtherPoems《歌谣及其他》•TheSongofHiawatha《海华沙之歌》basedonAmericanIndianlegendsThetiderises,thetidefalls,Thetwilightdarkens,thecurlewcalls;Alongthesea—sandsdampandbrownThetravelerhastenstowardthetown,Andthetiderises,thetidefalls.Darknesssettlesonroofsandwalls,Butthesea,theseainthedarknesscalls;Thelittlewaves,withtheirsoft,whitehands,Effacethefootprintsinthesands,Andthetiderises,thetidefalls.Themorningbreaks;thesteedsintheirstallsStampandneigh,asthehostlercalls;Thedayreturns,butnevermoreReturnsthetravelertotheshore,Andthetiderises,thetidefalls.•潮涨，潮落，暮色渐浓，麻鹬鸣叫；沿着潮湿灰褐色沙滩，行路人匆匆往城里赶，潮涨，潮落。•黑暗把屋顶墙壁笼罩，但大海在黑暗中呼啸；细浪白白的手，悄悄把海滩上的脚印抹掉，潮涨，潮落。•破晓时分，厩中骏马闻马夫唤，踏啼嘶鸣；海岸边，白昼又来到，但行人从此形去影消，潮涨，潮落。潮涨兮，潮落兮。天黄昏，暮鸦啼。褐色海滩湿漉漉，旅客进城赶路急。潮涨兮，潮落兮。夜幕降，千家寂。海扬波，不停息。浪花小手白且柔，抹去沙滩人足迹。潮涨兮，潮落兮。天破晓，马夫起。圈中驹，嘶又踢。夜去昼来仍如故，旅客一去无消息。潮涨兮，潮落兮。•Whatistherhymeschemeofthispoem?•Ithasthreestanzasoffivelineseach,andtherhymeschemeisaabba,aacca,aadda.•Howistimereflectedinthepoem?Whathappenedtothetravelerineachstanza?Whatisthesymbolicmeaningofthechange?•Twilight,Travelershastens(stanza1)→darkness,footprintseffaced(stanza2)→morningneverreturned(stanza3).•Itsuppliesthetransitionalsceneinthenaturalworld,alsoonthelifestageofhumanbeings.Itistheunderlyingcycleoflife.•Whatisthemoodofthepoetinthelaststanza?•Acceptingandcalm.Poetacceptsthatdeathisinevitableanditcomestoeveryone.Itisjustanotherartoflifeandnature.•Whyaretherhymedwords‘falls’and‘calls’repeated?•Makingthesmoothertransitionsbetweenstanzas.•Thecurlew’scall,theseacalls(naturecalling):howwearedrawntonature.thehostlercalls（callsinreallife）thetravelernevercomebacktolife,buttheseaandtheworldarounduscontinueson.•Whatisthethemeofthispoem?•Timefades,tideeffaces,humanbeingarepowerlessbeforenature.Timeandtideareeternalbuthumanlifeislimited.•“人生天地间，忽如远行客”（《古诗十九首》）或“人生寄一世，奄忽若飚尘”（老莱子）