UPS不间断电源毕业设计(1).doc排版后

.3.3毕业设计（论文）说明书摘要随着计算机技术、网络技术、通信技术的发展，国民经济、国防军工、政府部门的各个领域要保障计算机信息网络系统的安全、可靠运行，就离不开UPS不间断电源，这已成为信息业界乃至各行各业的共识。根据UPS不间断供电的原理，本文以提高UPS的可靠性为基本点，从UPS电源装置的结构和形式来考虑其设计方案。整个UPS主电源装置由整流/充电器、逆变器、静态旁路、维修旁路等部分组成。整流/充电器(包括蓄电池)为UPS提供在线工作的能量输入；逆变器为UPS提供在线工作的高质量的稳压稳频的交流电输出；静态旁路为UPS在整流/充电器或者逆变器故障情况下提供旁路工作电源，逆变器供电和静态旁路供电之间可实现不间断供电切换；维修旁路为UPS定期检修或故障维修时提供旁路电源。基于电源技术的高频化、模块化、数字化、绿色化的发展方向，本文结合现代电力电子技术以及信息处理技术的最新发展，利用微机作为控制核心，研究和开发大功率(10kVA以上)在线式智能UPS不间断电源。关键词：不间断电源微机控制电力电子技术智能化I******毕业设计（论文）说明书ABSTRACTWiththedevelopmentofthecomputertechnology,thenetworktechnology,communicationtechnology,inallthefieldsofthenationaleconomy,nationaldefenseandwarindustry,governmentministries,theymustdependonUPS(UninterruptiblePowerSystem)BytheprincipleofUPS,thispaperconsidersthedesignschemefromitsstructureandformatforincreasingitsreliability.Themainpowerdeviceismadeupofrectifier,charger,inverter,staticbypass,maintenancebypass.Rectifierandcharger(includingstoragebattery)offertheenergyinputofUPSwhenitisonline.InverterofferstheCVCF(ConstantVoltageandConstantFrequency)ACoutputwhenUPSisonline.Staticbypassoffersonlinebypasspowersupplywhenrectifier,charger,orinverterresultsinfaults,andtheswitchingbetweeninverterandstaticbypassisnotinterruptible.MaintenancebypassoffersbypasspowersupplywhenUPSneedsrepairingorMaintaining.Basedonthedevelopmenttrendofhigherfrequency,modularization,digitalization,andgreennessforpowertechnology,thispaperisrelevanttotherecentdevelopmentofmodempowerelectronicstechnologyandinformationprocessingtechnology,andhasstudiedtheabovemiddlecapacity(Above10KVA)onlineintelligentUPS,usingmicroprocessorascorecontrol.Keywords:UPSControlbymicroprocessorPowerElectronicsTechnologyIntelligentII******毕业设计（论文）说明书目录第一章概述„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11.1UPS的发展„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11.1.1UPS的发展历程„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11.1.2UPS的发展前景„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„31.2本课题研究的目的和意义„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„41.3本课题的任务和要求„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„51.3.1本课题的任务„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„51.3.2本课题的要求„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5第二章系统整体设计方案„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„72.1UPS电源不间断供电的原理„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„72.1.1负载间断供电的原因„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„72.1.2不间断供电的原理„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„72.2系统整体设计原理框图„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„92.3整流/充电器设计方案„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„92.4逆变器设计方案„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„102.5旁路电源设计方案„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11第三章整流/充电器的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„123.1整流/充电器主回路设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„123.1.1整流变压器的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„133.1.2直流滤波电抗器和滤波电解电容的设计„„„„„„143.1.3主回路电路„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„153.2整流/充电器控制设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„163.2.1微处理器与16位单片机„„„„„„„„„„„„„163.2.2整流/充电器的微机控制系统„„„„„„„„„„„183.2.3整流/充电器的控制软件设计„„„„„„„„„„„23第四章逆变器的设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„244.1PWM逆变器的原理„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„24I******毕业设计（论文）说明书4.1.1逆变电路及其控制方式„„„„„„„„„„„„„244.1.2PWM逆变器的基本原理及PWM波的生成方法„„„„264.2UPS逆变器主回路设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„294.2.1PWM型三相桥式IGBT逆变电路„„„„„„„„„„294.2.2逆变器输出变压器和静态开关„„„„„„„„„„334.2.3逆变器主回路电路„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„334.3UPS逆变器控制电路设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„344.4UPS逆变器控制软件设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„37第五章UPS旁路电源设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„445.1静态旁路的基本原理„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„445.2切换与控制技术„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„445.3UPS静态旁路主电路„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„465.4维修旁路„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„47第六章UPS系统抗干扰设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„486.1干扰源„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„486.2干扰对UPS电源的影响„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„486.3EMC与抗干扰设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„496.3.1EMC简介„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„496.3.2抗干扰的方法„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„506.3.3UPS电源抗干扰措施„„„„„„„„„„„„„„50结论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„53致谢„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„55参考文献„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„56附：大功率UPS供电系统原理框图及各部分设计方案图II******毕业设计（论文）说明书第一章概述自从电子设备特别是计算机问世以来，电源问题一直是人们十分关心的问题。对于一些特殊位置的重要设备，人们不但关心其供电电源本身的性能指标，更注重供电电源的质量，即供电的稳定性和不间断性。因为这些设备的电源一旦出现不稳定或者消失，就将造成非常大的损失，甚至无可挽回的损失。所幸的是不间断电源UPS(UninterruptiblePowerSystem)的出现，为解决这个问题提供了广阔的前景。1.1UPS的发展1.1.1UPS的发展历程最初的UPS是本世纪六十年代初由旋转电动机供应能量的动态UPS，即不间断是靠动能维持。这种早期UPS的输出稳定是靠惯性飞轮对短时间电压突变和干扰无反应；不间断性是靠断电后飞轮的惯性延长供电时间。当然这种UPS的后备时间是很短的(一般不超过5秒)，于是人们开始使用备用蓄电池组，这是早期UPS的典型结构，框图如图1-1所示。这样的UPS虽然可以靠增大蓄电池容量来延长后备时间，但转换效率低，于是出现了内燃式UPS系统，这种UPS靠内燃机提供断电后的能量。动态UPS设备庞大笨重、操作不够灵活、而且效率低、噪声大。随着电力电子学(功率电子学)的发展，为实现大功率的电能转换，于是出现了静态UPS，它的主电路和控制电路均采用半导体器件，它也是目前绝大多数概念中的UPS，其典型框图如图1-2所示。其基本原理是：市电输入经整流器将交流电变成直流电，一方面给蓄电池组充电，另一方面为逆变器提供能量，再将直流电变成交流电经转发生故障时，另一路备用电源(旁路电源)经过转换开关实现向负载供电。旁路电源市整流器转换负电蓄电池组逆变器开关载图1-2静态UPS典型框图静态UPS的工作方式有在线式和后备式(OnlineandOffline)，两者主体结构大体相同，只是后者在市电正常时工作在旁路(Bypass)，而前者只有当逆变器故障或过载时才由旁路电源供电。一般来说，从性能上讲，在线式优于后备式;从容量上讲，后备式一般不大于3KVA，而在线式不受此限制，目前单机容量可以做到600KVA以上，比如M.G,EXIDE,SOCOMEC等公司。UPS的装机容量正不断扩大，并联成为扩大容量或者冗余系统的必然方法。比如M.G,EXIDE等公司的UPS机内信号用微机处理、通讯采用普通信号，而SIEL公司采用光纤通讯〔OSC系统)，从而实现多台UPS的同相同幅、均负载的功能。由于单相进单相出给市电配电带来极大困难，于是出现了三相入单相出(3/1)的UPS，其最大容量可达60KVA以上，这种单相输出的UPS在切换到旁路时、满负载情况下市电对应的一相将严重超载，因此厂家推出了三相入三相出的UPS产品，而且有三相负载100%不平衡产品，如IPM,SOCOMEC,BORRI,MEISSNER,SAVIN,VICTRON等公司的UPS产品。为改善后备式UPS的供电质量，人们研制了净化UPS，即将净化电源加在旁路电源上，如国产宝合UPS产品。结合后备式UPS效率高和在线式UPS供电质量高的优点，人们提出了三端口UPS。它使得离线式和在线式有机结合在一起，产品如APC、BEST、2******毕业设计（论文）说明书DELTEC、休康等。近期又出现了不间断蓄电池系统UBS(UninterruptedBatterySystem)，见图1-3所示。它结合了动态UPS和静态UPS的优点，只是噪声稍大，主要应用于特殊场合，如野外、地下室等环境恶劣的场所。柴油发电机蓄电池图1-3UPS典型框图UPSOUT1.1.2UPS的发展前景从以上UPS的发展历程可看出，UPS从当初单一的动态存储式到今天多类型多品种动态、静态、动静结合、在线式、后备式(离线式)、后备在线交叉式等。随之，UPS的应用领域也从当初单一的计算机用户发展到今天计算机系统、网络系统在内的能源(如电力)、医药、农林、交通、天文、地理、通讯系统(如网络通讯)等领域；后备时间从当初的几秒钟到今天的几小时、几十小时甚至更常的时间；特别是从技术内含意义上讲，从当初单一的机械式到今天包罗了当代全部的电子技术:从微电子学到功率电子学