Lesson-11-But-What’s--a-Dictionary-For-课后练习及答案

EXERCISES11I.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions,usingyourownwordsasmuchaspossible:1)WhatcriticalviewsdidthepopularpressexpressonthepublicationofWebster'sThirdNewInternationalDictionary?2)Howmucheffortandmoneywasspentonthemakingofthisdictionary?3)Whatnewsciencecameintobeingbetweentheappearanceofthetwoeditionsofthedictionary?Whataresomeofthefeaturesofthisnewscience?4)Whyarenewdictionariesneeded?5)Howdoesthewriterrefutethecriticismsofthepopularpress?6)Whatdoesthewritersayaboutspellingandpronunciation?7)Whyisthedefinitionofa‘door’socomplicated?8)HastheThirdNewInternationalDictionaryanyfaults?II.Paraphrase:1)aflagrantexampleoflexicographicirresponsibility2)Whatunderliesallthissoundandfury?3)Itcannotbedescribedintermsofanyotherlanguage,orevenintermsofitsownpast.4)Alllanguagesaredynamicratherthanstatic5)Eveninsosettledamatterasspelling,adictionarycannotalwaysbeabsolute.6)Butneitherhisvanitynorhispurseisanyconcernofthedictionary's7)Hasthedictionaryabdicateditsresponsibility?8)lexicography,likeGod,isnorespecterofpersons9)Andthis,too,iscomplex,subtle,andforeverchanging.10)theeditorialchargestheThirdInternationalwithpretentiousandobscureverbosityIII.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese'1)Whatunderliesallthissoundandfury?IstheclaimoftheG&CMerriamCompany,probablytheworld'sgreatestdictionarymaker,thatthepreparationoftheworkcost$3.5million,thatitrequiredtheeffortsofthreehundredscholarsoveraperiodoftwenty-sevenyears,workingonthelargestcollectionofcitationseverassembledinanylanguage--isallthisafraud,ahoax?2)Thedefinitionreads:amovablepieceoffirmmaterialorastructuresupportedusu.alongonesideandswingingonpivotsorhinges,slidingalongagroove,rollingupanddown,revolvingasoneoffourleaves,orfoldinglikeanaccordionbymeansofwhichanopeningmaybeclosedorkeptopenforpassageintooroutofabuilding,room,orothercoveredenclosureoracar,airplane,elevator,orothervehicle3)Fortwohundredyearshisdefinitionofnetworkasanythingreticulatedordecussated,atequaldistances,withintersticesbetweentheintersectionshasbeengoodforalaugh.Butinthemerrimentonethingisalwaysoverlooked:noonehasyetcomeupwithabetterdefinition!IV.Spellthefollowingwordsinanotheracceptableway:Models:1)theatre–theater2)travelled–traveled1)anaemia9)dialogue2)anaesthesia10)gramme3)behaviour11)programme4)favourite12)modelled5)cheque13)practise6)centre14)manoeuvre7)metre15)Muslim8)defence16)fulfilⅤ.Replacetheitalicizedwordswithsimple,everydaywordsorexpressions'1)Anarticlevieweditasascandalanddisaster.()2)TheNewYorkTimes,?-feltthattheworkwouldacceleratethedeteriorationofthelanguage()3)Lifecalleditanon-worddeluge,monstrous,abominable,()()4)workingonthelargestcollectionofcitation.severassembledinanylanguage()5)Somonstrousadiscrepancyinevaluationrequiresustoexaminebasicprinciples.()6)Butthegreatincreaseinourvocabularyinthepastdecadescompelsalldictionaries()7)Ifsomethingmustbeeliminated,itissensibletothrowouttheseextraneousthingsandsticktowords.()8)Hasthedictionaryabdicateditsresponsibility?()9)hewantstoknowwhatawordwillconveytohisauditors()l0)theeditorialchargestheThirdInternationalwithpretentiousandobscureverbosity”()11)Therehasbeenanenormousproliferationofclosinganddemarkingdevicesandstructures()12)Therecanbelinguisticobjectiontotheeradicationofpropernames.()VI.Foreachwordorphraselistedbelow,giveanotherwordorexpressionofsimilarmeaningfromthetext:Model:calamity--disaster1)toviewsth.as2)fraud3)toaccuse4)toestablish5)toadhereto6)citation7)torestrict8)tosetdown9)contemporary10)elevation11)tobetheconcernofVII.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainmetaphorsorsimiles.Explaintheirmeaningsinplain,non-figurativelanguage.1)Lifecalleditanon-worddeluge2)Thedifference,...isnotlikethedifferencebetweenyearlymodelsbut.Likethedifferencebetweenthehorseandbuggyandtheautomobile3)ModernlinguisticsgetsitscharterfromLeonardBloomfield'sLanguage(1933).4)Butifso,hehaswalkedintooneoflexicography'sbiggestboobytraps5)anyonewhotriestothreadhiswaythroughthemanymeaningsnowincludedunderdoormayhavetosacrificebrevitytoaccuracy6)And,sureenough,inthedefinitionwhichraisedthePost'sbloodpressureVII.Pointoutthefiguresofspeechusedinthefollowingsentences:1)aconceptofhowthingsgetwrittenthatthrowsverylittlelightonLincolnbutagreatdealonLife()2)betweenthemuch-toutedSecondInternational(1934)andthemuch-cloutedThirdInternational(1961)()3)TheWashingtonPost,inaneditiorialcaptionedKeepYourOldWebster's()4)Inshort,allofthesepublicationsarewritteninthelanguagethattheThirdInternationaldescribes()5)Butneitherhisvanitynorhispurseisanyconcernofthedictionary's()6)thePost’seditorialfailstoexplainwhatiswrongwiththedefinition,wecanonlyinferfromsosimpleathingthatthewritertakestheplain,downright,man-in-the-streetattitudethatadoorisadoorandanydamnfoolknowsthat()7)Orwhatofthosesheetsandjetsofairthatarenowbeingused,inplaceofold-fashionedoakandhinges...()IX.TheauthorusesalotofemphaticformstogiveforcetotheWriting.Pickoutallthesentencesinwhichvariousemphaticformsareused.X.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese-1)Wehavecometoterms.2)Healwaysconsidersproblemsintermsofmoney.3)Theyspeakofthe