完整版专四英语语法考点

1语法考点之一：虚拟语气考点1.If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sbhaddone，主句sbwould(should,could,might)+havedone；2、省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。3、与将来事实相反：从句sbdid(should+do或were+todo)，主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do。4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sbhaddone，主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do；考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,ask,require,request,demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。考点3：Itis+advisable,essential,important,imperative,incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。考点4：itis(high/about)timethat的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。例如:考点5：muchas尽管，虽然引导让步状语从句，从句中用wouldhavedone表示假设。考点6：ifonly,wish,asif/asthough引导从句，与过去事实相反：had+done；与现在事实相反：动词过去式；与将来事实相反：could/would+do考点7：wouldrather/sooner从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点8：lest/forfearthat+(should)+原形动词。语法考点之二：情态动词*情态动词:will（愿意）,shall（将）,must（必须）,can,may,would,should(应该),might,could,oughtto,usedto（过去常常）,need（需要）,dare（竟敢），haveto（不得不）考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：（1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（表示推测）（2）某些情态动词的特殊用法考点1.情态动词＋have＋过去分词结构表示推测(1)musthavedone表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为：can’t/couldn’thavev-ed,表示过去不可能发生某事。(2)couldhavedone表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。(3)may/mighthavedone表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.(4)oughtto/shouldhavedone和oughtnotto/shouldn’thavedone用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”(5)needn’thavedone表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为“本没必要…”。*didnotneedtodo动作并没发生。2考点2.特殊用法(1)should表示惊讶1.Iamsurprised__thiscityisadullplacetolivein.2006A.thatyoushouldthinkB.bywhatyouarethinkingC.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinking(2)Can’tbut+V.,表示不得不，与haveto同义。Can’thelp+Ving忍不住。(3)cannot…too/enough表示“无论怎么……也不算过分”、“越……越好”(4)may/mightaswell+动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于hadbetter(5)maywell+动词原形”，意为“（完全）能，很可能”(6)mayaswellas还是…好了语法考点之三：非谓语动词考点1：不定式(1)考察哪些动词接不定式；(2)考察哪些短语接不带to的不定式；Hadbetter/hadbestWouldrather/wouldrather…than/ratherthan/wouldsooner/wouldsooner…thanCannotbut/cannothelpbut/donothingbut/donothingbesides/donothingthanWhy引导的疑问句(3)考察动词不定时的时态和语态：进行式tobedoing,完成式tohavedone;一般式被动语态tobedone;完成式被动语态tohavebeendone。另外，不定式短语有将来时的意思；考点2：动名词(1)常接动名词做宾语的词：mind(介意),miss(逃过),mention(提及),prevent,postpone,practice,risk(冒险),resist(抵制),consider(考虑),admit(承认),avoid(避免),appreciate(感激),fancy(幻想),finish(完成)，feellike(喜欢),escape(逃脱),ensure(确保),delay(延迟),deny(否认),resent,detest,imagine(想象),suggest(建议)(2)介词后的ing：prevent/stop/keepsb/sthfromdoing阻止…做…spend/wastetime/moneyindoing在做…方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱；how/whataboutdoingsth做…怎么样了？Havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing在…方面有些困难；Thereisnosenseindoing(做…是没有理由的)Thank/admire/praise/blame/scold/punishsbfordoingsth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人(3)接动名词做介词to的宾语：applyoneselfto致力于；beaccustomedto习惯于；confessto供认；cometo谈到；devoteoneselfto献身于；getdownto着手做；givewayto对…让步；leadto导致；lookforwardto期待；nextto几乎；objectto反对；payattentionto注意；stickto坚持；standupto勇敢面对；turnto求助于；beusedto习惯于考点3：分词(1)从语态上看，现在分词一般表主动，过去分词一般表被动；(2)从时态上看，现在分词表示进行，3过去分词表示过去。如果分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，分词用完成时。（3）现在分词的否定形式是not放在分词之前。*非谓语动词解题三步曲：一、首先确定主句；二、分析主动被动；三、分析动作先后1._____shouldnotbecomeaseriousdisadvantageinlifeandwork.2010A.TobenottallB.NotbeingtallC.BeingnottallD.Nottobetall2.Themanpreparingthedocumentsisthefirm'slawyerhasallthefollowingpossiblemeaningsEXCEPT.2009A.themanwhohaspreparedthedocuments...B.themanwhohasbeenpreparingthedocuments...C.themanwhoispreparingthedocuments...D.themanwhowillpreparethedocuments...3.______atinthisway,thesituationdoesnotseemsodesperate.2000A.LookingB.lookedC.BeinglookedD.tolook4.Ifnot____withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-A.beingtreatedB.treated5.______,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.1998A.ObtainingnotaticketforthematchB.NotobtainingaticketforthematchC.NothavingobtainedaticketforthematchD.Notobtainedaticketforthematch6.Hewasn’taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,______insufficientlypoplarwithallmembers.1996A.havingconsideredB.wasconsideredC.wasbeingconsideredD.beingconsidered7.Henoticedthehelicopterhoveringoverthefield.Thentohisastonishment,hesawaropeladder______outandthreemenclimbingdownit.1995A.throwingB.beingthrownC.havingthrownD.havingbeenthrown8.Thismissileisdesignedsothatonce_____nothingcanbedonetoretrieveit.1995A.firedB.beingfiredC.theyfiredD.havingfired考点4：独立主格（句中没有连接词，逗号分开两个句子，存在两个主语。形式：名词/代词＋分词）。(1)分词短语作状语时，有自己独立的逻辑上的“主语”，相当于各种形式的状语，表示一种伴随的动作、情况或表原因(2)介词（with）+名词+形容词/副词+分词，表示伴随行动做或补充说明1.Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth,wheat______byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.20034A.isB.beenC.beD.being2.Time______,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.2003A.permitB.permittingC.permittedD.permits3.There____nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.2000A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.be4._____nocauseforalarm,theoldmanwentbacktohisbedroom.1996A.TherewasB.SinceC.BeingD.Therebeing5.Thecountry’schiefexportsarecoal,carsandcottongoods,cars______themostimportantofthese.1994A.havebeenB.areC.beingD.arebeing6.Thetaperecorder___outoforder,thestudentsdidnotknowwhattodo.1990A.wasB.BeingC.hasbeenD.wasbeing语法考点之四：定语从句关系代词：which（指sth作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth作主语或宾语）;做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。关系副词：when（指时间onwhich），where（指地点atwhich），why（指原因forwhich）考点1.先行词为人时引导词who和that(1)只能用who不用