新外研版英语八年级下册知识点复习

知识梳理八年级下册一、语法1.动词时态2.并列复合句3.宾语从句1、动词时态名称特征词肯定句的动词一般现在sometimes,usually,oftenalways,every...,原形第三人称单数现在完成时ever,already,just,yetfor/sincesofarhave/has+V过去分词一般过去yesterday...,justnow,...ago,thismorning,WhenIwasyoung,过去式动词否定句一般疑问句原形在主语后＋don’tDo＋主语+V？第三人称单数在主语后＋doesn’t＋动词原形Does＋主语＋动词原形？否定句一般疑问句只在其后＋not(some-any)将其放到句首...＋？句中没有be的变法一般现在时有be的变法否定句、一般疑问句的结构动词否定句一般疑问句过去式主语＋didn’t＋动词原形+其他。Did＋动词原形＋其他？否定句：主语+have/has+not+V过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+V过去分词+其他？一般过去式的句子结构：肯定句：主语+have/has+V过去分词+其他.现在完成时的句子结构一般疑问句回答:Ishe...?Yes,heis.No,heisn’t.Doyou...?Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.Does...she?Yesshedoes.No,shedoesn’t.Didthey...?Yes,theydid.No,theydidn’t.Haveyou...?Yes,Ihave.No.Ihaven’t.Werethey...?Yes,theywere.No,theyweren’t.Washe...?Yes,hewas.No,hewasn’t.Hasshe…?Yes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.2、并列复合句并列复合句----是由并列词and,but,or等把两个或者两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。并列复合句的构成：简单句+并列连词+简单句。并列连词前后简单句之间的关系。（1）并列关系用and（2）选择关系用or（3）转折关系用but3、宾语从句1.引导词的选择一般疑问句充当宾语从句特殊疑问句充当宾语从句疑问代词或疑问副词2.语序陈述句语序3.时态陈述句充当宾语从句主句一般现在时一般过去时从句按实际情况用相应时态过去的某种时态4.当主句谓语动词为think，suppose，expect，believe等时，其后的宾语从句为否定句时，常将否定词not从从句中移到主句中，构成否定转移5.如果从句说的是客观现象或真理，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。thatif/whether直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系1.陈述句变为引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.HesaidthatIwasyoungerthanhim.HesaysthatTomisagoodstudent.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系2.特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?”2.“Howcanwegettothepost-office?”heasked.HeaskedwhereIlived.Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost-office.直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系3.一般疑问句引导的宾语从句1.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”2.“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.Sheaskedif(whether)Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper.Heaskedif(whether)theywouldgotovisittheGreatWall.二、话题1.人的相貌及性格2.天气及季节3.看病与健康4.假期三、句子简单句并列句复合句选择问句特殊疑问句感叹句一般疑问句否定句祈使句简单句并列句复合句选择问句特殊疑问句感叹句Thisisanorangebike.HeknowsmeandIknowhim.WhenIwas5,Icouldswim.Didyoulivehereorthere?Whatdidtheylearnjustnow?Whataheavyrainitis!DoesTomspeakFrench?Idon’tunderstandit.Stand（Don’t）up.一般疑问句否定句祈使句四、句型(及交际用语)1.对某人来说做某事是怎么样的：Itis+adj.for/ofsb.+todosth.2.提问看病的：WhatcanIdoforyou?CanIhelpyou?What’swrong?What’sthematter?3.回答生病情况：1)Ihavegotaheadache.stomachache.toothache.fever.cough.cold.catchacold2)就此病症提出合理建议•Take/Havesome/thesemedicinethreetimesaday.•Drinkmorewaterandstayinbedforafewdays.•It’snothingserious.•You’llbe/get/becomeOK/wellsoon/inoneortwodays.•Don’tbesotired.4.提问某人的爱好：What’syourhobby?回答爱好：Myhobbyiscollectingfans/tickets.collectingstamps/modelcars.writing.playingbasketball.swimming.running.singing.5.提问人的相貌：Whatdoes...looklike?6.提问人的性格：Whatis...like?7.到该做什么事的时候了。It’stimetodosth.It’stimeforsth.8.提建议用语：Whynotdosth...?Whydon’tyoudosth...?What/Howaboutsth./doingsth...?It’sbesttodosth.You’dbetterdosth.Youshoulddosth.五、词类1.动词6.形容词、副词2.系动词7.数词3.代词8.频率副词4.不定代词9.介词5.连词10.疑问词1.动词(谓语)HewatchesTVeveryday.HeiswatchingTVnow.HewatchedTVamomentago.动词(非谓语)HeenjoyswatchingTV.Jimmakesmelaugh.Iwantedtoseeitagain.2.系动词(+形容词的动词)lookbeturngetsoundbecometastefeelsmell1)Jim’sideasoundsnice.2)Katelookstaller.3)Ifeelnervousnow.4)Beijingbecomesbigger.5)Thedaysgetlong.6)Thecaketastesdelicious.3.不定代词1.other,others,theother,theothers,another,One...,theother...,anyother2.one,ones,one’s3.somethingsomebody/someoneanythinganybody/anyoneeverythingeverybody/everyonenothingnobody/noone5.连词1.and7.when2.but8.before3.or9.after4.so10.as5.though11.if6.because用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空1.JimoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish_____IoftenhelphimwithhisChinese.2._________thequestionisverydifficult,fewofuscananswerit.3.Mr.Blackisover70yearsold,____hestillworks8hoursaday.Becauseandbut4.Everyonemustbehere_________6:00tomorrow.5.__________itisrainingheavily,thefarmersarestillworkinginthefield.6.Icanhelpyou___Ihavetime.用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空Thoughbeforeif7.______gettingup,Ialwayslistentotheradioforawhile.8.Wemustbequick,___wecan’tfollowthem.9.Tocatchtheearlybus,___Igotupveryearlythismorning.用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空soorAfter10.______theteachercamein,Iwasthinkingaboutthegame.11.__youknowhim,whynotgoandmeetJiminsteadofme,Kate?用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空IfWhen6.形容词、副词形容词与副词的转换在词尾处+lyy结尾时,去y+ily有的e结尾的单词,需去y+ly，有的则直接+ly。1.quick—quickly2.easy--easily3.terrible-terribly4.true-truly5.brave-bravely6.careful-carefully形容词、副词的使用形容词副词修饰名词修饰动词、形容词Theyarecleverboys.Ipreferlonghair.Itreallysoundsnice.Theyworkveryhard.7.数词数词基数词变序数词百,千,万,的表达几分之几用来表达时、分用来表达年、月、日8.频率副词•用Howoften对它们进行提问。•他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。•Ialwayshavemilkforbreakfast.•Iusuallyhaveeggsforbreakfast.•Ioftenhavenoodlesforit.•Isometimeshavefruitsforit.•Iseldomhavericeforit.•Ineverhavemeatinthemorning.9.与时间相关的介词for时间段前in某年、某月前on具体日子、节日、生日、星期几前at某分，某时前当“早上、下午、晚上”被修饰时不用in而用on.表示方位的介词：某物／处在某处的东南西北。northsouthwestnortheastsoutheastnorthwestsouthwesteastThePositionin,to,on的区别on某处在某处之内某处与某处相接壤某处在某处之外intowith的多种用法dosth.withsb./sth.agirlwithlonghairaroomwithtwodoorsacitywithlargepopulationbebusywithsth.bepopularwith...bewithastyleof...talkwithsb.helpsb.withsth.anactionmoviewithJackieChanWhat’swrong/thematterwith...?10.疑问词提问几点钟Whattimeis