软件外包项目全过程风险管理研究

华中科技大学博士学位论文软件外包项目全过程风险管理研究姓名：王梅源申请学位级别：博士专业：管理科学与工程指导教师：张金隆;鲁耀斌20060425I83IDEF0945IIIDEF0DelphiISMAHPIIIAbstractSoftwareoutsourcingisbecomingincreasinglypopularamongsoftwaremanufacturersbecauseithasmanyadvantages:loweringandcontrollingdevelopmentandmanagementcosts,increasemarketresponseflexibility,reducinghigh-techinvestmentandmakingpossibleforsoftwaremanufacturestofocusoncorecompetenceandstrategicgoals.Sincethereexistinevitabledifferencesbetweenoutsourcersandoutsourceesregardinggeographicalenvironment,culturalandlegalenvironments,managementandvaluesystems,softwareoutsourcinghasinherentrisksthroughoutproductdevelopmentlifecycle,suchasextratransactionfeesandmanagementcosts,unabletorealizecostreductionplan,lock-inpassivecontracts,losingcompetitivenessandcontrolovercoretechnologiesandlowemployeemorale.Thegoalofsoftwareoutsourcingistoachievepotentialprofitabilitythatishardtoguaranteeinanyoutsourcingproject.Somerisksandchallengesinsoftwareoutsourcingaresimilartothoseencounteredin-housedevelopments;somearedifferentandmuchhigher.Theseriskscanresultinmorefailuresthanin-housedevelopmentunlesstheyareunderbettercontrolsandmanagements.However,traditionalriskmanagementsonlymanagerisksinisolatedprocessessuchastime,costorqualitymanagementswithouttakingintoaccountthetotalprocessesofsoftwareoutsourcing.Moreandmorepracticeinriskmanagementstellusthatwemusttakeacomprehensiveholisticapproachinriskmanagements:choosingthecombinationofsinglerisktreatmentandtotalrisktreatmentforspecificsituationsinsoftwareoutsourcingriskmanagement.Inordertosolvetheproblemsinsoftwareindustryandsoftwareoutsourcingriskmanagement,weinvestigatethetotalriskmanagementissuesinsoftwareoutsourcingthroughliteraturereview,empiricalanalysisandmanagementdecisionmethods.First,weproposedtotalprocessstandardizedmanagementphilosophyinsoftwareoutsourcingandbuiltalifecyclebasedframeworkforsoftwareoutsourcingwhichiscomposedofeightphasesincludingoutsourcingpreparation,outsourceeselection,softwareplanning,demandanalysis,resourcesverification,conceptdesignanddetaildesign,codinganddebugging,testingandacceptance,projectevaluationandconclusion.Wealsoproposedthreemodesmonitorandcontrolinsoftwareoutsourcing:milestoneIVmonitorandcontrol,IDEF0basedflexiblemodularcontrolmodeandthirdpartymonitormode.Wealsogivedetaileddescriptionofvariousstagesineachmodel.Second,webuiltathreedimensionalsoftwareoutsourcingriskmanagementstructuremadeupwithtarget,elementandbodydimensionsandanintegratedframeworkforsoftwareoutsourcingriskmanagement.Therearenineelementsinthisframework,amongwhichtheoreticalbasis,internalenvironment,informationandcommunication,softwareoutsourcingmanagementinformationsystemconstitutethefoundationandsystemguarantee;riskidentification,riskevaluation,riskassessment,risktreatmentandriskmonitorareimplementationsofthemainframework.Riskmanagement,incorporatedwithmilestonemanagement,activitymodulemanagement,becomesanintegralpartofmanagementprocessandaninfluentialcomponentintheimplementationofoutsourcingstrategy.Third,weidentifiedrisksusingDelphimethods,sortedriskimportanceusinggroupnominationsbuiltsoftwareoutsourcinggraduallayerstructureusingISMmethodsandprovidedeffectivesupportforanalyzingmultivariable,complexandunclearriskrelationship.Fourth,mostoutsourcingfailuresandriskscomefrominappropriateoutsoruceeselection.Thereforeoutsourceeevaluationandselectionisanimportantstepinoutsourcingimplementation.WebuiltanintegratedsoftwareoutsourceeevaluationmetricsystemusingAHPandgroupclusterdecisionmethods.Thissystemavoidsinconsistencyduringdecisionprocessduetotheexpert’sdifferenceintechnologyandknowledgebackground,preferencetocertainmetricsorpersonalprejudices.Thissystemisprovedtobeascientificevaluationsystemandmodelforchoosingqualifiedoutsourcees.Keywords:SoftwareOutsourcingProjectTotalProcessManagementRiskIntegratedManagementInterpretiveStructuralModelingGroupDecisionMaking_____111.1——ITIDC1000IDC29.2%AMTeam.org200521.26.8%21%IT2005ForresterResearchInc.Laton,2003Gartner20055%ITThomas,2003Kliem,19992Kliem,1999207070%9010%20200320145CMM52/331234521200520044IT705710252006031.2ITIDC1000IDC29.2%GartnerDionWiggins2004200530%40%AMTeam.org200521.26.8%21%(IT2005)4010580%1%1.2.119601990209021CD-ROMDVDCD-ROMDVD208064123410003001031000300(Jones,2003)1.2.2Kliem(1999)9%15%200375%761.281DiamondClusterInternational·2050%2005IT8%40%351-181-1180%240%60%358%21%8%4%2%2%5%420%Tata,Wipro,Infosys,Saryam65%5CMM565%CMM591202CD-ROM6040IBMLotus340%20%20%20%4512IPICQ10320%25%50%20023%27.335%35%30%4IBM577.54670306040IDC29.2%111.2.312000182000593200423002.82LinuxLinux380ERPERPMRPIIERP79%4LinuxLinux51012620004200428678SOAEAI2000420017.52002152003202004281%1060%10%IDC2006270538%2004230020001.2%20043.55%117%20%23WTO200820101335%45303620%50%1/61/87CMMCMM11660005055%5020042%1000200426,5008.3%3%2341:4:71:5:2.5200456ISO9000CMM2003350CMM232394254CMM14ISO2003infosys20021.56230002700130012345151.3CIOOutsourcing12345678IT,200112345616781.41-2171-291238341845Delphi6ISM7891.51200255193DelphiISMAHP49IDEF045183IDEF02945IDEF03ISM4AHP2