非谓语动词之过去分词

主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语Ving完成进行将来主动被动时态语态Vingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonetodo完成进行将来主动被动时态语态todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonedone完成进行将来主动被动时态语态done1.Therobbersareusingastolencar.2.Thefiremenwererescuingthepeopletrappedinthefire.3.Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.4.Thecupisbroken.5.Hemanagedtomakehimselfunderstood.6.Theyconsideredthemattersolved.7.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.8.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.9.Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!10.Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.以上划线部分在句中的成分（主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补）在句1&2中充当：______________在句3&4中充当：_____在句5&6&7中充当：_____在句8&9&10中充当：____________________过去分词作定语位置前置定语：单个动词过去分词后置定语：过去分词短语意义及物动词过去分词：表示被动、完成不及物动词过去分词：表示完成与定语从句转换①单个过去分词，常放在被修饰词的前面,作前置定语Thelostchildwasfoundatlast.Theexcitedpeoplerushedintobuilding.Losttimecanneverbefoundagain.②过去分词短语，常放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语Thechildlostintheparkwasfoundatlast.Themeeting,attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess．③如果单个的过去分词所修饰的词是代词those或是不定代词时，通常过去分词要放在被修饰的词之后。ThereisalmostnothingchangedsinceIleftthetowntwoyearsago.自从我两年前离开以来，这个镇几乎没有什么变化。Everythingusedshouldbemarked．所有用过的东西应该做好标记。①及物动词的过去分词作定语时，表示被动的、完成adamagedbridge一座被毁坏的桥icedbeer冰冻啤酒___________________被污染的空气和水___________熟食②不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，只表示完成，不表示被动意义therisensun升起的太阳aretiredteacher一位退休的教师___________落叶___________开水cookedfoodpollutedairandwaterfallenleavesboiledwater①及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句Hedidn’tturnupatthemeetingheldyesterday.IfoundithardtounderstandtheEnglishspokenbynativevillagers.②不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于不能后置的单个过去分词)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句Wedranksomeboiledwaterandwentonwithourwork.(whichwas)(thatwas)(=whichhadboiled)Thesefemalepigsarecloned.Sowecallthem_______pigs.Thesefemalepigsarecloned.Sowecallthempigs___________________.that/whichareclonedclonedScientificexperimentswhicharecarriedoutbystudentscanbedangerous.Scientificexperiments____________bystudentscanbedangerous.carriedout过去分词作表语位置位于系动词之后：意义已被形容词化，表示主语所处的状态，也有一定的被动意味。系动词1.be动词2.表示保持的系动词3.感官系动词4.表象系动词5.变化系动词6.终止系动词1.过去分词作表语，可以看作是过去分词的形容词化，说明的是主语在该动作完成后所处的状态，也有一定的被动意味。其前可有quite,very,rather等修饰词。常见的作表语的过去分词如:closed(关闭的)；lost(丢失的)；known(著名的)married(已婚的)；gone(遗失的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的)tired(疲劳的)pleased(高兴的)；surprised(吃惊的);He_____________afterreadingtheletter．看完信后,他看起来担忧。He___________________attheidea．听到这个想法,他似乎相当高兴。I_____________atthenews．听了这消息我非常高兴。lookedworriedseemedquitedelightedwasverypleasedbe动词：表示保持：感官系动词：表象系动词：变化系动词：终止系动词：am,is,are,was,were,beenkeep,rest,remain,stay,lie,standseem,appear,lookfeel,smell,sound,tastebecome,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,prove,turnout过去分词做宾补意义•说明宾语的动作或状态，表示被动意义或已完成意义。•过去分词与宾语构成逻辑上的动宾（被动关系）结构1.介词+宾语+宾语补足语2.主语+谓语+宾语+动词过去分词动词1.表“希望”、“意愿”、“爱憎”、“要求”的动词：2.表感觉或思维活动的动词(短语)3.表示“致使”意义的动词●能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。●作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。1.介词+宾语+宾补with,without+n.+动词过去分词Withmanyflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.周围种了许多花,他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。Theyleftwithoutadishtouched.他们离开时一盘菜都没碰。The__________________hisworks_________.这位伟大的作家逝世时作品未完成。________________________hishands____behindhisback.小偷被带进来了,双手被反绑在后面。greatwriterdiedwithunfinishedThethiefwasbroughtinwithtied2.主语+谓语+宾语+动词过去分词(宾语补足语)•在这一结构中,动词过去分词和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。•如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。1.表“希望”、“意愿”、“爱憎”、“要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,like,hate,order+宾语+(tobe)doneI_____________________onSunday.我想在星期天完成工作。I________________________beforefiveo’clock.我希望在5点之前完成我的作业。Hewon’t____such________________atthemeeting.他不喜欢这样的问题在会上讨论。Jim______________________.Jim要求房间被打扫。能接过去分词做宾语补足语的动词有wanttheworkfinishedwishmyhomeworkfinishedlikequestionsdiscussedorderedtheroomcleaned2.表感觉或思维活动的动词(短语)：feel,hear,listento,see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,find,think,consider+宾语+动词过去分词____________________________.我们看到小偷被警察抓。__________________________.人们发现水被污染了。___________thematter______．他们认为这问题解决了。主语+谓语+宾语+动词过去分词(宾语补足语)WesawthethiefcaughtbythepolicePeoplefoundthewaterpollutedTheythoughtsettledget,have,make,keep,leave3.表示“致使”意义的动词_____________________________.他昨天拔了牙。______________onceamonth．我每个月理一次发。______________________________________.你应该说大声点让别人听到。Hecouldn’tkeephiseyesshuttoallthis.他无法无视对这一切。Don’tleavethosethingsundone.不要留那些事情不处理。主语+谓语+宾语+动词过去分词(宾语补足语)HegothistoothpulledoutyesterdayIhavemyhaircutYoushouldspeakloudertomakeyourselfheard动词过去分词充当宾语补足语1).AsheknowsverylittleEnglish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimself__________.(understand)2).I________________________yesterday.(寄信）3).Youmustmakeyourself＿＿＿＿whenyoutalkinfrontoftheclass.（hear)4).Aftertherobbery,theyfoundthewindows________.(break)5).Youmustn’tmakethesecretbetweenus________tothepublic.(know)understoodhadmyletterdeliveredheardbrokenknownThemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_______thenextyear.A．carryoutB．carryingoutC．carriedoutD．tocarryoutHelenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.(2004高考广西卷)A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard过去分词做状语结构过去分词短语+逗号+主句主句+逗号+过去分词短语意义说明动作或状态发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，表示被动或完成。逻辑主语：主句的逻辑主语与状语从句或“连词+过去分词”结构转换过去分词作状语，表明动作发生的时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，表示被动或完成