非谓语动词作定语讲析

高考语法(NonfinitiveVerbsasadjectives)目录（Content）一、启发导入二、考点透视三、谓语动词VS非谓语动词四、用法透析五、解题技能六、非谓语动词OR定语从句一、启发导入什么是非谓语动词啊？“非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗!那“不是谓语”是什么呢？……蓝瘦，香菇•非谓语动词：一个句子中已经有了谓语动词，并且没有连词又非主从复合句的情况下。•Thisisthequestionandtheyarediscussingit.•Thisisthequestionwhichtheyarediscussing.•Thisisthequestionbeingdiscussedbythem.总结：英语一个简单句只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多主谓结构，可以用以下方法：•1）加入并列连词，构成并列句（and/but/so…）•2）放入从句，构成主从复合句•3）变为非谓语动词，构成动词短语加句子非谓语动词的三种形式-ing形式-ed形式todo不定式动词-ing：主，谓,宾，定,状,表，补动词-ed：主，谓,宾，定,状,表，补不定式：主，谓,宾，定,状,表，补非谓语动词在句中作用•Theboyplayingbasketballoverthereisourmathteacher,MrYou.•Inthebasketballgameheldyesterday,everyplayerdidagoodjob.•Thebasketballtobeheldnextweekmakeseveryoneexcited.二、考点透视知识内涵：非谓语动词在句中可以充当定语，修饰一个名词或代词。高考真题1.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter66(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016高考全国卷I)正确答案：此题考查分词做非限制性定语的用法，有被动意义，并表示过去，所以填permitted。2.Astudyoftravelers(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015高考全国卷I)正确答案：此题考查分词做非限制性定语的用法，有被动意义，且动作已完成，所以填conducted。3.Theadobedwellings(土坯房)（build）bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015高考全国卷II)•正确答案：此题考查分词做非限制性定语的用法，有被动意义，且动作已完成，与上一题类似，所以填built。三、用法透析•非谓语动词作定语的主要形式逻辑关系时间主动被动与谓语同时发生doing（正在做）beingdone（正在被做）在谓动之前done（被）将来todo（将要做）tobedone（将要被做）(一)动词不定式作定语•1.Thehousetobeboughtisfortheirson.•2.Heisalwaysthefirsttoleaveandthelasttocome.•Hewasthebestmantofinishthetask.•3.Doyouhavethechancetovisitforeigncountries?表示将来•修饰序数词或最高级修饰被修饰的名词是抽象名时常见的有ability,chance,idea,belief,way,promise等。•【注意事项】•1.不定式作定语永远放在所修饰词的；•2.不定式和它前面所修饰的代词或名词构成逻辑上的，•又和主语构成逻辑上的时，不定式常用；3.如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后加上相应的。例如：①Ihavealotofhomeworktodoeveryday.②TheWhiteshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.③Iamgoingtothesupermarket.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?后面动宾关系主谓关系主动形式介词•比较:例1和3。•（二）分词作定语•1.及物动词的分词做定语：•doing----与被修饰的名词之间为主动关系•beingdone----与被修饰的名词之间为被动且正在进行•done----与被修饰的名词之间为被动且完成•例如：•Doyouknowthegirlcryingunderthetree?•Thefactorybeingbuiltissaidtobethelargestoneinthearea.•Idon’tlikethefoodmadebyMary.•2.不及物动词的分词作定语：•doing----表示正在进行•done----表示已经完成•例如：•（1）boilingwater正在沸腾的水•boiledwater烧开了得水•（2）developingcountry发展中国家•developedcountry发达国家•（三）不定式tobedone,现在分词beingdone和过去分词done作定语的区别例如：1.Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearhasattractedlotsofattention.•2.Thebridgebeingbuiltnowhasattractedlotsofattention.•3.Thebridgebuiltlastyearhasattractedlotsofattention.•不定式tobedone表“被动，将来”•现在分词beingdone表“被动，进行”•过去分词done表“被动，完成”典题冲关1.(2013陕西)Thewitnesses(question)bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.2.(2013四川)Theairport(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.3.(2013天津)Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords(use)indailyconversations.【解题思路】1）判断考查的是否为非谓语动词作定语；2)寻找非谓语动词作定语所修饰的名词或代词；3）判断该名词或代词与非谓语动词之间的主被动关系。questionedtobecompletedbeingused五、解题技能•解答非谓语动词作定语的方法：1.确定考察的是否为非谓语动词作定语；•2.分析被修饰的名词或代词（名词常在空前）与非谓语动词之间的主被动关系，若为主动，则可选择doing，todo;若为被动，则可选择tobedone,beingdone,done;•3.分析时间究竟是过去，现在还是将来；•4.考虑不定式作定语的几种情况。六、非谓语动词OR定语从句将下列下划线部分用定语从句代替•1.Thecomputercenteropenedlastyearisverypopularamongthestudentsintheschool.•2.Doyouknowtheboylyingunderthetree?•3.Areyougoingtoattendthesportsmeetingtobeheldtomorrow?whichwasopenedlastyearwhoislyingunderthetreewhichistobeheldtomorrow•小试牛刀•1.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.•2.Ilikemostofthebookspublishedinthispublishinghouse.•3.Thisisoneofthequestionsbeingdiscussedatthemeetingnow.•4.Wouldyoupleasegivemeapieceofpapertowritewith?•5.ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashington.