不定冠词(a--an)和定冠词(the)的区别

一、课前练习1）写出下列表语形容词的汉语意思afraid（）alike（）alive（）alone（）asleep（）awake（）ill（）2）填空1.Sheis_____________ofdog.(担心的)2.Iam___________earlyinthemorning.(醒着的)3.Mymotherfell_____(生病的)andshe_______(看起来)tired.4.Heis___________（孤单的）,becausehisfatherandmotherwentabroad(出国).5.Thisfishisstill___________(活着的).7.Mumis__________(睡着的),whenIgethome.8.Thesetwocoatsare_________(一样的)tome,Idon’tlikethematall.3)英译汉1.Itisdifficulttounderstandthisquestion.2.Itisdangeroustoplaywithasnake.3.Itiswonderfultogoshoppingwithmymother.4.Itispleasanttohaveawalkintheevening.5.Itisimpossibletomeethimatthistimetomorrow.二、不定冠词详解1）概念：冠词是用于名词前用以说明该名词含义的虚词（在现代英语中冠词被称为限制定词）。传统语法通常将冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两类。不定冠词有a和an两种形式，其中a用于辅音音素前，an用于元音音素前。2）不定冠词的基本用法（1）不定冠词有a和an两种：a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。例如：aboy,acity,agirl,ausefulanimal,anoldman,anhonestboy,abadapple,atallelephant,auniversity(虽然u是元音字母，但不读元音),anhour一个小时(虽然h不是元音，但单词读音是元音开头)（2）用来表示“—”的意思，但不强调数的观念，只说明名词为不特定者。即不具体说明是何人何物。例如：Ateacherislookingforyou.Weworkfivedaysaweek.（3）不定冠词含有“—”的意思，但数量观念没有one强烈，在句子里一般可以不必译出，但若有“一个”的意思则译出，例如：——Anorangeisgoodforyou.桔子对你有好处。——Howmuchisit?多少钱？——Twoyuanakilo.二元一公斤。（4）一般用在可数名词单数前，指人或事物的某一种类。例如：Billisastudent.Heisadoctor.（5）用在某些固定词组中。例如：alotof,amomentago,afew,alittle(6)练一练：1.Thereis________“h”intheword“honest”.A.aB.theC./D.an2.What________terriblelifepeopleinthesmallislandlivedatthattime!A.anB./C.aD.the3．Fatheroftensaystome,“Be________honestboytodayand________usefulmantomorrow.”A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a4.Qingdaois________mostbeautifulcityinsummer.A.theB./C.aD.one5.—Soyouarerunning________restaurant?—Yes，butIdon’twanttomakeit______restaurantonlyforrichpeople.A.the;/B.the;theC.a;theD.a;a6.—Haveyouseen________pen?Ileftitherethismorning.—Isit________blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.a;aD.the;a7.Oh，John.What________yougaveus!A.apleasantsurpriseB.pleasantsurpriseC.anpleasantsurpriseD.thepleasantsurprise8.Johnis________universitystudent.A./B.anyC.aD.an9.—I’dlike____informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel，please.—Well，youcouldhave______wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.A.some;aB.an;someC.some;someD.an;a10.—Ifyoudon’tliketheredcoat，taketheblueone.—OK,butdoyouhave__sizeinblue?Thisoneisabittightforme.A.abigB.abiggerC.thebigD.thebigger三、定冠词详解1)概念：the用来表示特定的人或事物。the的用法最广，不管是可数还是不可数，不管是单数还是复数，都可以用the.具体用法如下：（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：Thebookonthedeskismine.桌上的书是我的。Showmethephotooftheboy,please.请把这个男孩的照片递给我。（2）指双方都知道的人或事物。例如：Openthedoor,please.请开门。Didyouseetheboy?你看见那个男孩了吗？What’sthenewteacher’sname?新老师的名字叫什么？（3）指上文提到的人或事物。例如：Helivesonafarm.Thefarmisnotbig.他住在农场，这农场不大。Therearesomedogs.Thedogsareverylovely.这儿有一些狗。这些狗很可爱。（4）用在世界上独一无二的事物前。例如：Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.太阳比月亮大些。但这些名词作为描绘性定语时，可用不定冠词。例如：Look!Aredsunisrising.瞧！一轮红日正在升起。（5）用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如：Thefirstislandisthebiggestofthethree.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。（6）用在用普通名词构成的党派，国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等专有名词前。例如：TheywillvisittheGreatWallnextweek.他们下个星期将会参观长城。TheycametotheUnitedStatesofAmericalastyear.他们去年就来美国了。（7）用在形容词前表示一类人，the+形容词指的是一群人，是一种复数含义，所以其后动词应用复数形式。例如：Theoldaresick.老人病了。（8）用在姓名复数形式前表示一家人。例如：TheSmithshavemovedtoLondon.史密斯一家搬去伦敦了。（9）用在某些习惯用语中。例如：inthemorning在早上ontheleft左边thedaybeforeyesterday前天allthesame仍然2）练一练1._______doctortoldhimtotake_______medicinethreetimes______day．2.Thereis_______womanoverthere．_______womanisMerimee’smother．3._______sunrisesin_______east．4._______ChangjiangRiveris_______longestriverin_______China．5.It'stoohot．Open_______door，please．6.Washingtonis_______capitalof_______USA．四、总结与作业1.单项选择。1)Heoftenhas________eggandsomemilkforbreakfast.A./B.aC.theD.an2)---What’sthetroublewithLingling?---Shedoesn’tgoto________schoolandstayin_____bednow.A.a;/B.the;theC./;/D./;a3)---Doyouhave_______dictionary?---No,butLucyhas______newdictionaryonthebookshelf.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a4)_______earthisround.A.AB.AnC.TheD./5)Thereis_______“L”intheword“LUCK”.A.aB.theC.anD./6)Ihopeyouhave______happydaytoday.A.aB.anC.theD./7)_______Whitesarehavingdinnertogether.A.AB.TheC.AnD./8)Thereis_______orangeandsomepineapplesinthebasket.A.theB./C.aD.an9)Lisahas_______hat.______hatisverybeautiful.A.a;AB.an;AC.a;TheD.an;/10)I’mwatching_______movie.Itisabout_______interestinglovestory.A.a;anB.a;aC.the;theD./;an2.句子改错。每句中有一个错误，请改正。1)Julyisaseventhmonthoftheyear.2)Wewaithereforhalfahour.3)Studentsoftenplaythefootballafterschool.4)It’sanEuropeanwolf.5)Theyoftenhaveasupperinarestaurant.