英语句子成分分析及五种基本句型

句子成分分析主语(Subject)是全句谈论的中心话题找出下列句子的主语，并说出由什么词来充当1.Mr.Chenisawell-knownscientist.2.Heworksveryhardatschool3.Togotoagooduniversityishisfirstgoal.4.Doingmorningexerciseisgoodforyourhealth._____________________________________________名词代词不定式V-ing谓语(Predicate)是回答主语做什么,怎么了，位于主语后1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.______________________1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或助动词加动词相应形式构成。（2）由系动词加表语构成。____________英语中哪些成分可以充当宾语1.Weoftenhelphim.2.Helikestoplaybasketball.3.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.4.Shesaidthathefeltsick.5.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.____________________________________________代词名词V-ing从句注意:位于介词之后的成分也被称之为宾语.________宾语(object)是动作的对象,目标;位于及物动词后.宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充说明宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语1.TheyelectedJohnmonitor.2.WecallhimIronOx.3.Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.4.Theymadeherhappy.5.Heisgoingtohavehaircut.6.Theysawabirdflyinginthesky._______________________________________________哪些动词后需接复合宾语的？ask/tell/teach/help/ordersbtodolet/make/havesbdo常见的连系动词be动词感官动词：feel(摸上去),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),look(看起来),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得)等。持续系动词:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持)等变化系动词:become(变成),turn(变成),grow(变得),go(变得)，get(变得)等。终止系动词:prove(证明是)表语位于连系动词之后，与之构成系表结构，说明主语的状态,性质等.1.Iamateacher.2.Theyareontheplayground.3.MyjobisteachingEnglish.4.Itgetscold.5.Itsoundsinteresting._____________________________________________定语是用来说名名词或代词性质特点的词找出下列句子的定语，并说出由什么词来充当1.Theblackbikeismine.2.Sheisachemistryteacher.3.Themaninblueismybrother.4.Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.5.Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.___________________________________________形容词介词短语V-ing从句名词____定语说明名词特点,性质;状语则说明动词何如何.1.Weoftenhelphim.2.Ireallydon’tlikethefood.3.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.4.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.5.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeadoctor.____________________________________________________频率副词程度副词方式副词介词短语________不定式介词短语从句基本句型1：主谓结构本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：Thesunrises.Tomhasalreadyleft.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.1．她昨天回家很晚。2．会议将持续两个小时。3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化4．1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。5．每天八时开始上课。6．这个盒子重五公斤。Shewenthomeverylateyesterday.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.Classesbeginateighteveryday.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.7．五年前我住在北京。8．秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9．我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。Mygrandfathergetsupearlyinthemorning.Everyafternoonalotofstudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.Inautumn,somebirdsflytothesouth.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.基本句型2：主谓宾结构本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如：1.Tommadeaholeinthewall.2.Idon’tknowifhecancometomorrow.3.Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretogonext.4.ShestoppedteachingEnglishtwoyearsago.5.Ittookthemtenyearstobuildthedam.7.Motherpromisestogivemeapresent.巩固练习：1．昨晚我写了一封信。2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。3．这本书他读过多次了。4．他们成功地完成了计划。5．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。Iwrotealetterlastnight.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.6．我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7．Jim还不会自己穿衣服。8．我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。9.他不知道说什麽好。10.我开窗户你在意吗？IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.Jimcannotdresshimself.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?巩固练习：1．冬季白天短，夜晚长。2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3．孩子们很少保持安静。4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.Attheageoffifteen,hebecameafamouspianist.Childrenseldomkeepquiet.Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.基本句型:3：主系表结构本结构是由主语+系动词+表语构成。5．他失业了。6．树叶已经变黄了。7．这个报告听起来很有意思。Heisoutofwork.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.Thereportsoundsinteresting基本句型4双宾语结构说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：Hebringsmecookieseveryday.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。巩固练习：1．Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？4．他把车票给列车员看。5．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6．新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7．他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。1.MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?4.Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.5.ShallIcallyouataxi?6.Thenewmachinewillsaveyoualotoflabour.7.Heboughtanewcoatforhismotherwithhisfirstmonth’ssalary.英语基本句型5复合宾语结构说明:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.TheymadeTommonitor.Heusedtodohishomeworkwithhisradioon.用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.巩固练习：1．我们叫她Alice.2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3．他们把小偷释放了。4．我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫