临床运动心理学的界定、现状及发展趋势

:100229826(2009)06200762072009(45)6CHINASPORTSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYVol.45,No.6,76282,2009.TheDefinition,StateandDevelopingTrendofClinicalSportPsychology,LIULi,SHIYan:,,:;,;,,:;;;Abstract:Thispaperanalyzedthedefinitionofclinicalsportpsychologyfromitstaskandcon2tents.Byreviewingtherecentliteratureaboutclinicalsportpsychologywefoundoutthatthesubjecthastakenshapefromthethreeperspectivesoftheoreticalfoundations,classificationsystemandassessmentstrategies,interventionsanddiscussedthedevelopingtendenciesinclini2calsportspsychology.Inthefuture,thefocusofclinicalsportspsychologyresearchwillbeonthemechanismofpsychologicalchangeofathletes,theinterventiononmentalhealthofath2letes,thecommunicationsanddevelopmentofsportsteam,andthecompetenceofclinicalsportpsychologist.Second,themethodwillbemorestandard,andthemethodofqualitativeresearchwillbeincreasinglyused.Thirdly,thetrainingofclinicalpsychologyasaprofessionwillbeen2hanced,theprocedureofqualificationforbecomingaclinicalsportspsychologistwillbetight,andthescopeofclinicalserviceswillbeexpanded.Keywords:clinicalsportpsychology;definition;state;developingtrend:G804.8:A:2009204227;:2009210222:(19672),,,,,,,Tel:[phone],E2mail:[e-mail];(19662),,,,,,,E2mail:[e-mail]:,030006ShanxiUniversity,Taiyuan030006,China.(ClinicalSportPsychology)Witmer1896,1907,,,[8],1965,,1988,,,,,2006,[14](ClinicalSportPsy2chology),,2007,(JournalofClinicalSportPsychology),[15],,,11.1,67(1)1()Cratty1988,WeinberGould1995,,Cox2002,,,GardnerMoore[14]2006,,,BurtonGillham[5]2009,,,1.21,WeinberGouldCoxBurtonGillham,,;CrattyGardnerMoore,,,,?Witmer2050,,[8],,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,3:1),;2),,;3),,1.3GardnerMoore,:1),;2),;3),;4),;5),(),,,[1](Kuhn,1981),5:1);2),,;3);4),,;5),,,,;,,,,,,,,,,:,;,;,,3:(),,,,77,:22.111(2),:,,,;,,,5%;,,;2(20072009)15201311111277()866855544544423321()36116262622.2,,,GardnerMoore(2005)(IntegrativeModelofAthleticPerformance,IMAP)[16]IMAP,4:(Instru2mentalCompetencies,);(EnvironmentalStimuliandPerformance,);(DispositionalCharacteristics,,,);(BehavioralSelf2regu2lation,)IMAP3:(PreparatoryPhase,)(Per2formancePhase,)(Post2perform2ancePhase,,),,,,2.32.3.1,(MultilevelClassificationSystemforSportPsychology,MCS2SP)[17],(PerformanceDevelopment,PD),PD2I;PD2II,(PerformanceDysfunction,Pdy),,,Pdy2I;Pdy2II,(PerformanceImpairment,PI),,PI2I;PI2II,,,(PerformanceTermination,PT),PT2I;PT2II,2.3.2872009(45)6,,Sport2clinicalIntakeProtocol(SCIP,TaylorSchneider,1992)[24]MCS2SPSemi2structuredInterview[14],,,,,(SCAT)22(CSAI22)(SSCI)(PSE)(PSPP)(SAR)(ABQ),,(CART2Q),,,,(EEG)(EEQG)(ERP)(ET)(fMRI),[2](Landers,1994;Collins,1995;Lawton,1998)(1998),EEGEEQG(,1995;,1998;,2008;,2001;,2006)(2005)ET;,(,1997;Jesus,2004)(,2000;,2000;,2001)ERPfMRI,,2.42.4.1(PsychologicalSkillTrailing):(goalsetting)(imagerytraining)(arousalregulation)(self2talk)(relaxationtraining)GreenspanFehz(1989)[19]23,,,,FeltzLandersm(1983)[12]60,,0.48,,,,[9,20](DawBurton,1994;Holm,1996)Cohen(2003)[7],2.4.2Gardner(2005)[18],,,,,,(Mindfulness2Acceptance2Commitment,MAC)(),(),(),2.4.3,[14]32.4.4,,,[14](PI)44,,;,,2.4.5,(Gardner,2006)[14]:,;,;,;,97,:;,:,;,,;,;,3(Pdy),,MAC()4(PI)(EP/RP)(FFT)3(CBASP)3()3()3()()/33333333333:33,,,,3.13.1.1,,,[14],,3.1.2,(FrankRoss,1995)[13],[14,23](Silva,2001;Gardner,2006),,,3.1.3,,,,,,,(Isberg,1989;Lindwall,2002;HaninStambulova,2004)082009(45)63.1.4,,(DienstArmstrong,1998)[10],,[11],,,3.23.2.1(ChamblessOllen2dick,2001)[6]:,;;;;,Moore(2003)[22]1960104,,44(26,17);6019;;:(Mey2ers,1996);(MurphyJowdy,1994;Veal2ey,1994;GouldUdry,1994);(Meyers,1996;Suinn,1997),,,3.2.2,,,Chamberlain(2000)Lewely(2003)[21],,,,,(2005)[3],,,,3.3,,[25]1949,,40005500,2003,,500,40005500[4],,,,1984,1302007,22,[25];,,,,411:,,,21:;;;31:;,;,,:[1].[M].:,2006:93294.[2],,,.[J].,2008,23(1):1210.[3].[J].,18,:2005,39(12):38243.[4]AmericanPsychologicalAssociation.Aproficiencyinsportpsy2chology.AmericanPsychologicalAssociation.RetrievedFebruar2y,2003,FromtheWorldWideWeb[EB/OL].[5]BURTONDAMON,GILLHAMANDY.IntroductiontoSportPsychology[EB/OL].[6]CHAMBLESSDL,OLLENDICKTH.Empiricallysupportedpsychologicalintervention:Controversiesandevidence[J].An2nualRevPsychol,2001,52:6852716.[7]COHENA,PARGMAND,TENENBAUMG.Criticalelabora2tionandempiricalinvesti2gationofthecuspcatastrophemodel:Alessonforpractitioners[J].JApplSportPsychol,2003,15(2):1442159.[8]COMPASBE,GOTLIBLH.IntroductiontoClinicalPsychol2ogy:ScienceandPractic[M].McGraw2Hill,2002.[9]DAWJ,BURTOND.Evaluationofacomprehensivepsychologi2calskilltrainingprogramforcollegiatetennisplayers[J].SportPsychol,1994,8(1):37257.[10]DIENSTER,ARMSTRONGPM.Evaluationofstudentsclinicalcompetence[J].ProfessionalPsychology:ResPractice,1998,19:3392341.[11]EPSTEINRM,HUNDERTEM.Definingandassessingpro2fessionalcompetence[J].JAmMedAssociation,2002,287(2):2262235.[12]FELTZDL,LANDERSDM.Theeffectorsofmentalpracticeonmotorskilllearningandperformance,Ametaanalysis[J].JSportPsychol,1983,5:25257.[13]FRANKRG,ROSSMJ.Thechangingworkforce:Therole