O.Henry的介绍

O.Henry__Oneofthegreatestshort-novel-tellersintheworldContentI.LifeintroductionII.O.Henry'sworksIII.O.Henry'swritingstyleIV.HisinfluenceAbouthisname•Penname:O.Henry(1862-1910)•Anotherpenname:OlivierHenry•Hisprimitivename:WilliamsSydneyPorter入狱风波•1891年，欧·亨利在FirstNationalBankofAustin做一名职员，正当他的生活颇为安定之时，却发生了一件改变他命运的事情。•1896年，奥斯汀银行指控他在任职期间盗用资金。他为了躲避受审，逃往洪都拉斯。•1897年，后因回家探视病危的妻子被捕入狱，判处5年徒刑。在狱中曾担任药剂师，他在银行工作时，曾有过写作的经历，担任监狱医务室的药剂师后开始认真写作。他开始以欧·亨利为笔名写作短篇小说，于《麦克吕尔》杂志发表。Abouthislife•WilliamSydneyPorterwasborninGreensboro（格林斯博罗[美国北卡罗来纳州中北部城市]）,NorthCarolina.Hisfatherwasaphysician.•WhenWilliamwasthree,hismontherdied,andhewasraisedbypaternal（父亲般的）grandmotherandmaiden（未婚的）aunt.•Williamwasanavidreader,butattheageoffifteenheleftschool,andthenworkedinadrugstoreandonaTexasranch.•HecontinuedtoHouston,wherehehadanumberofjobs,includingaccountant,landboardclerk,reporterandsoon.Abouthislife•In1887hemarriedAtholandhiswifeencouragedhimtopursuehiswriting.•Atholgavebirthtoasonin1888,whodiedhoursafterbirth.•1889.hisdaughter,MargaretWorthPorterwasborn.Abouthislife•O.Henry'slastyearswereshadowedbyalcoholism,illhealth,andfinancialproblems.•O.Henrydiedofcirrhosisoftheliver（肝硬化），complicationsofdiabetes(糖尿病)andanenlargedheartonJune5,1910,inNewYork.•Duringhislifetime,O.Henrypublished10collectionsandover600shortstories.MainworksCabbagesandKings白菜与国王TheFourMillion四百万TheGiftofMagi麦琪的礼物TheLastLeaf最后一片叶子MammonandtheArcher财神和爱神TheRansomofRedChief红色酋长的救赎TheFurnishedRoom带家具出租的房间TheCopandtheAnthem警察和赞美诗AfterTwentyYears二十年以后Mainworks•TheGreenDoor--绿色门TheHandbookofHymen--婚姻手册•HeartsandHands--心与手TheHypothesesofFailure--失算•TwoThanksgivingDayGentlemen--两位感恩节的绅士AServiceofLove--爱的牺牲ShearingTheWolf--虎口拔牙TheUnknownQuantity--未知数WhileTheAutoWaits--汽车等待的时候TheWhirligigofLife--生活的波折Withes‘Loaves--女巫的面包•“NextToReadingMatter”--“醉翁之意”TheLastLeafTheYoung,poorpainterJohnsycontractedpneumonia,Suemakeeveryefforttotakecareofher,butshestilldidnotimprove.Johnsywouldgiveupcompletelywhenthelastleaffelltotheground.Inordertosaveher,AnotheroldartistBehrmanclimbedthewalltopainttheivyleaveinrainynight,whichhecontractedpneumoniaanddiedtwodayslater.Johnsysurvived,thelastonewaspaintedbyBehrman,becamehisfinalmasterpiece.Characteristicsoflanguage•1TheWritingStyle►Inwritingstyle,O.Henryusesthecivilianlanguage,thereforereaderscaneasilyunderstandwhathewantstoexpress.►Anothercharacteristicofhislanguageisimplicative.Hissenseofhumorexpressesindirectly.Readerscanstillrecallafterreading.Characteristicsoflanguage•2Therhetoric(修辞法)•►O.Henryusesalargenumberofrhetoricinhisnovels,suchassimile(明喻),metaphor(暗喻)andirony(讽刺).Itmakesreadersexperiencehissenseofhumorvividly.Characteristicsoflanguage•Metaphor(暗喻)•InO.Henry’swritings,metaphorisafeaturewhichisworthmentioning.Theimageinmetaphorrepresentsspecificmeaning.Butthesymbolicimageremainsuncertaininitspossiblemeanings;itisusuallyasubstantialimageinitsownright,aroundwhichfurthersignificancesmaygatheraccordingtodifferinginterpretations.Characteristicsoflanguage•Simile(明喻)•O.Henrypaysmoreattentiontothesimile.O.Henryusessimilenotonlyinthefrequencyofusagebutalsoinotheraspects.Ofallkindsoffigures,colorfulandvariedinscenery,commonthingsandphenomenonindailylifewhichalwayshavingsimileonlycanenterthestoryworldofO.Henry.Characteristicsoflanguage•Irony(讽刺)•O’HenryusesSoapyasthetypicalfigureinthenovelTheCopandtheAnthemandtakesAmericanNewYorkasanexamplereflectstrulythepoorpeople’shardlifeatthattimeandusesironic（讽刺的）mannertocriticizetheunfairofsocietyandshowsthestrongcontrastbetweenmaterialcivilizationandspiritualcivilizationandpoliticalcivilization.•“Soapyhadconfidenceinhimselffromthelowestbuttonofhisvestupward.”Characteristicsoflanguage•3Theplot•►Inplot,O.Henry’snovelsdevelopfastandintheendsuddenlyappearanunexpectedending.Theso-called“O.Henry-typeending”usuallyrefersthatattheendofthenovelsuddenlythecharacter’smindchangesinanunexpectedsituation,orthefateofthemaincharacterreversessharply,theresultisunexpected,butreasonable,inlinewiththerealityoflife,resultinginauniqueartisticcharm.Influence•“ThefatherofthemodernAmericanshortstory”现代美国短篇故事之父•Americanlifehumorencyclopedia美国生活的幽默百科全书•ShortprosewriterlaureateasManhattan曼哈顿桂冠散文作家InfluenceIn1918theO.HenryMemorialAwards欧·亨利纪念奖wereestablishedtobegivenannuallytothebestmagazinestories,thewinnersandleadingcontenderstobepublishedinanannualvolume.TheO.HenryAwards欧·亨利奖areyearlyprizesgiventooutstandingshortstories.TheO.HenryPun-OffWorldChampionships世界双关语锦标赛areheldinMayofeachyearinAustin,Texas,hostedbythecity'sO.HenryMuseum欧亨利博物馆.theFamousAphorismsbyO.Henry•Whenonelovesone’sartnoserviceseemstoohard.•一旦热爱艺术，什么奉献也不难。•“Itwasbeautifulandsimpleasalltrulygreatswindlesare.”(fromTheOctopusMarooned‘)•“这简单漂亮的就和那些真实伟大的诈骗一般。”•Astorywithamoralappendedislikethebillofamosquito.Itboresyou,andtheninjectsastingingdropotirritateyourconscience.•一篇含有教训的小说，像是蚊子的嘴。它先使你讨厌，然后注入一滴螫入的液体，来烦扰你的良知。theFamousAphorismsbyO.Henry•Ifmanknewhowwomenpassthetimewhentheyarealone,they’dnevermarry.•如果男人晓得女人在独自的时候怎样消磨时间，他们永远不会结婚。•Whatawomanwantsiswhatyou‘reoutof.Shewantsmoreofa