-简单句并列句复合句

英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence=主句+从句)1．概念以及句型特点(1)概念：简单句就是句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。(2)句型特点：主语＋谓语知识点一简单句•主语＋不及物动词（S+Vi）•主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S+Vt+O)•主语＋系动词＋表(S+LV+predicative)•主语＋双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)•主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语•(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)简单句的五种基本句型主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。2．简单句的分类(1)主谓型(S＋Vi)在这类简单句中，充当谓语的动词为不及物动词。如：(2)主系表型(S＋V＋P)句中的谓语由连系动词加上表语构成。此类简单句主要反映事物的性质、特征或状态。如：Sheisauniversitystudent.她是一名大学生。Hehasbecomeaprofessor.他已成为一位教授了。注意：句中的become是连系动词，其用法与be在本质上是一样的，其后都是接名词（短语）或形容词作表语。除become外，其他常见的连系动词有fall（变成），feel，keep（保持），look（看起来），stay（保持），sound，smell，seem，taste，prove等，但这些词后一般接形容词作表语。(3)主谓宾型(S＋Vt＋O)此类简单句中，句子的谓语动词为及物动词，其后接名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子作宾语。如：(4)主谓双宾型(S＋Vt＋O＋O)此类简单句中，谓语是可以带双宾语的及物动词，如give,pass,lend,make,show,buy,teach等。间接宾语一般是人，直接宾语一般是物。间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前。如：①HeSgaveVtmeOa_penO.他给我了一支钢笔。②MyfatherSmadeVtmeOakiteO.我父亲给我做了一只风筝。(5)主谓宾补型(S＋Vt＋O＋C)此类简单句中，作谓语的如果是make,keep,want,hear,listento,lookat,watch,notice,feel,let,have,see,tell,ask,find等及物动词，其后常接形容词、副词或动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语。如：①HeSmadeVtusOstandhere.C动词不定式他让我们站在这儿。②SheSletVttheboyOin.C副词她让这个男孩进去。③ThepresentSmakesVtmeOhappy.C形容词这件礼物使我很高兴。④HeSkeptVtmeOwaitingfortwohours.C现在分词他让我等了两个小时。简单句的扩展成份简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。Iboughtaraincoatwithawarmlining.Thedogjumpedthroughthewindow.Heissavinguptobuyamobilephone.Abrightlittleboywithrosycheeksputthreebottlesofmilkquietlyonmydoorstepbeforeseveno’clock.HeworkedlikeamadmaninthegardenonSaturday.Theyounggirlwithlongblackhairseemstobeveryhappy.两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both..and、either…or、neither…nor、notonly…butalso等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。ThebossisflyingtoParis.HissecretaryisflyingtoParis.ThebossandhissecretaryareflyingtoParis.BoththebossandhissecretaryareflyingtoParis.ThebossisflyingtoRome.HissecretaryisnotflyingtoRome.ThebossbutnothissecretaryisflyingtoRome.ThebossmaybeflyingtoBerlin.HissecretarymaybeflyingtoBerlin.EitherthebossorhissecretaryisflyingtoBerlin.ThebossisnotflyingtoYork.Hissecretaryisn’tflyingtoYork.NeitherthebossnorhissecretaryisflyingtoYork.主语、谓语、宾语的合并两个简单句的宾语可由and、both…and等连词连接组成一个简单句。ImetJane.Imetherhusband.ImetJaneandherhusband.ImetbothJaneandherhusband.Itwascold.Itwaswet.Itwascoldandwet.Ididn’tmeetJane.Ididn’tmeetherhusband.Ididn’tmeeteitherJaneorherhusband.ImetneitherJanenorherhusband.两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。Wesangallnight.Wedancedallnight.Wesanganddancedallnight.主语、谓语、宾语的合并并列句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。用分号：Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词：Wefishedallday;however,wedidn’tcatchathing.用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.常用并列连词coordinatingconjunctions表联合的连词表转折或对比的连词：表选择的连词：表因果的连词：and,when(=andjustatthistime就在这时)等but(但是，可是),while(而，却),yet(可是)等。or(或者,还是；否则),otherwise(要不然)等。for(因为),so(因此)等其它平行结构：not…but…,either…or…,neither…nor,notonly…butalso…,wouldrather…than…(宁愿……不愿……),ratherthan(而不),aswellas(既……也……)等。。1.when相当于andthen,justthen,atthetime,一般放在第二个分句句首.Weplayedoutsidetillsunsetwhenitbegantorain.Iwasabouttogotobedwhenitbegantorain.2比较but和however的用法Hesaiditwasso;hewasmistaken,however3.while表示对照关系Heaskedhisfatherwhyhecouldn’thatchchickenswhilehenscould.•4.for,so连接并列句表示因果关系•for引导的分句是对前面的句子加以解释或推断,一般用逗号隔开.引导的句子不用于句首.•Someoneiscoming,forthedogisbarking.•Heshookhishead,forhethoughtdifferently•so表示因果关系•Itwaslate,soImustgohome.•比较:so和therefore•Iknowlittleaboutit;thereforeIcan’tgiveyouanyadvice.•改错：并列连词的误用和漏用1or与and混用2but与and混用3but，although连用，但yet,still可与although连用4so与because连用。5.并列连词的误用和漏用1)(2015)Inthecountryside,theairiscleanorthemountainareclean.2)(2013)Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimapartfromothersinourtown,hewasstrongandpowerful.4.Myroommatewassleeping,wedidn’twanttowakeherup.5.Iwenttobed.BecauseIwastired.Myroommatewassleeping.Wedidn’twanttowakeherup.Myroommatewassleeping,sowedidn’twanttowakeherup.IwenttobedbecauseIwastired.并列连词是否连接同等的成分改错1.(2015II)Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.2.(2015II)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelisteningtomusic.1.Bringtheflowersintoawarmroom____they’llsoonopen..1.Ihavetriedtoadviseher________shewon’tlisten3.Ithenrealizedshehadnoarms____legs，justahead，neckandtorso.4.Hetooktheoldmannotjustacrosstheriver，____tohishome5Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,____hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.and一、单句填空灵活运用.but/yetforbutor6.Startoutrightaway,___you’llmissthefirsttrain..7Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstarted.8WearegoingtothebookstoreinJohn’scar.Youcancomewithus___youcanmeetustherelater9.Someofusdon’thavemuchpocketmoney,___theyfeelunhappy.10.79.3％ofthesurveyednetizenssaythattheirmainmotivationistohelptheirparentstoliveabetterlife____67.7％claimthattheyworkhardinordertochangetheirownfate.orwhenorsowhile二、单句改错1.Unfortunately,Iwon’tbeabletomeetyouattheairportalthoughIhaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.although→because因“我有一个重要的会议要出席”是“我不能去机场接你”的原因，引导原因状语从句，用because。2.Theclimatehereispleasant.Itisneithertoohotortoocold.or→nor因neither…nor..(既不……也不……)是固定搭配。3.Althoughhewasthewealthiestmaninthetown,buthedidn’tfee