风险管理和风险评估XXXX12170

July20121SAFETYOFFICERDec.17,2015中海油运CSTANKER风险管理RISKMANAGEMENT•WhycarryoutRiskAssessment?•WhoshouldcarryoutRiskAssessments?•WhentocarryoutRiskAssessments?•HowtocarryoutRiskAssessments?中海油运CSTANKER目录CONTENTS三一RISKASSESSMENTSAFETYAWARENESS中海油运CSTANKER四OILMAJORREQUIREMENT二DEFINATIONSAFETYAWARENESSSAFETYHAZARDHAZARDIDENTIFICATIONRISKRISKASSESSEMNTRISKMANAGEMENT中海油运CSTANKERSAFETYAWARENESSSAFETisessentiallytheongoingmanagementofworkplacehazardsandrisks.Safetyis…•Personnelprotectiveequipment•Propertoolsandequipment•Competentpersonnel•Standardizedprocedures/methods•Mechanicalreliability中海油运CSTANKERSAFETYAWARENESSSafetyis…•Definedresponsibilities•Aplannedapproachforhazardouswork•Effectiveleadershipanddirection•Systematichazardidentificationandcontrol•Frequentcommunication中海油运CSTANKERSAFETYAWARENESSTraditionalBeliefs!•Itwillneverhappentome•Ithasneverhappenedhere•Safetyisjustextrawork•Safetyisthesafetyrep’sresponsibility•Safetyisonlyalotofpaperwork•Safetyjustisn’tworththeextraThesebeliefsareReactiveinnature!中海油运CSTANKERSAFETYAWARENESSModernValues!•Safetyisasharedresponsibility•Incidentsare‘CAUSED’,theydon’tjusthappen•Excellentsafetyperformancerequireslongtermcommitment,planningandinvolvement•Asafetyworkenvironmentisaproductiveworkenvironment•Nojobissoimportantthatwecan’ttakethetimetodoitinthesafeandefficientway•WorkingsafelyrequiresapositiveattitudeThesebeliefsareProactiveinnature!中海油运CSTANKERSAFETYAWARENESSWorkingsafelyisanattitude!Supportanddirectionthatresultsinthedevelopmentofsafeworkinghabitsisthefoundationofsafeattitudes.中海油运CSTANKERSAFETYAWARENESSAReactiveversusaProactiveThereareonlytwowaystomanagesafety:•REACTIVESAFETYPROGRAMWesimplywaitforincidentstooccurtodiscoverneededchangesandimprovementsOr•PROACTIVESAFETYMANNAGEMENTSYSTEMWemanageworkplacehazardsandrisksonanongoingbasis,continuallylookingforbetterways中海油运CSTANKERSAFETYAWARENESSIt’syourturntodiscussthefollowing:•Whatdowecurrentlydo,onaregularbasis,thatyouconsider‘PROACTIVE’relatingtosafety?•Whatdowecurrentlydo,onaregularbasisthatyouconsider“REACTIVE”relatingtosafety?中海油运CSTANKERSAFETYAWARENESSACulturewithinaCultureSafetyManagementCultureHazard/ControlCulture中海油运CSTANKERSAFETYAWARENESSHAZARDHAZARDIDENTIFICATIONRISKRISKASSESSEMNTRISKMANAGEMENT中海油运CSTANKER目录CONTENTS三二RISKASSESSMENTSAFETYAWARENESS中海油运CSTANKER四OILMAJORREQUIREMENT一DEFINATIONDEFINATIONOHSAS18001-2007HAZARDSource,situation,oractwithapotentialforharmintermsofhumaninjuryorillhealth,oracombinationthereof.可能造成人员受伤或疾病等伤害的根源、状态或行为，或他们的组合。HazardidentificationProcessofrecognizingthatahazardexitsanddefiningitscharacteristics认识存在的危险并确定其特征的过程。中海油运CSTANKERDEFINATIONOHSAS18001-2007RISKCombinationofthelikelihoodofanoccurrenceofahazardouseventorexposure(s)andtheseverityofinjuryorillhealththatcanbecausedbytheeventorexposure(s)危险事件发生或暴露的可能性与由该事件或曝露导致的伤害或疾病的严重程度的组合RISKASSESSMENTProcessofevaluatingtherisk(s)arisingfromahazard(s),takingintoaccounttheadequacyofanyexistingcontrols,anddecidingwhetherornottherisk(s)isacceptable.评估来自危险的风险、考虑现有控制的适当性和决定该风险是否可接受的过程。中海油运CSTANKERDEFINATIONISMCODE2015HAZARD•8.3TheSMSshouldprovideformeasuresensuringthattheCompany'sorganizationcanrespondatanytimetohazards,accidentsandemergencysituationsinvolvingitsships.RISK•1.2.2.2assessallidentifiedriskstoitsships,personnelandtheenvironmentandestablishsafeguardsagainst中海油运CSTANKERDEFINATION中海油运CSTANKER•Anythingthatcausesharmtopeople.•Anythingthatcandamagetheenvironment•AnythingwiththepotentialtodamagepropertyorequipmentDEFINATION•Riskisthereforeameasureofthelikelihoodofaspecificundesiredeventanditsunwantedconsequencesorloss.中海油运CSTANKERRISKTOHEALTHANDSAFETYRISKTOENVIRONMENTRISKTOPROPERTYCOSTHAZARDS中海油运CSTANKER20Incidents操作工滑了一下，摔倒在地，头撞到泵上，死亡操作工滑了一下，摔倒在地，腿摔断了操作工滑了一下，扭伤了脚操作工滑了一下，但没摔倒泵旁边泄漏的润滑油未及时清理HAZARDS中海油运CSTANKER不安全因素导因权重（%）个人防护装备12人员的位置30人员的反应14工具与设备28程序与秩序12不安全行为类导因总计96%不安全条件类导因总计4%总计100%基于杜邦公司10年的对于可记录事件的统计，表明导致事故的原因具有以下的分布规律SAFETYBELIEFAllincidentscanbeprevented.Everyincidenthasitscauseswhichcanbecontrolled.中海油运CSTANKERHAZARDIDENTIFICATION危险源分类:•第一类危险源生产过程中存在的，可能发生意外释放的能量（能源或能量载体）或危险物质称作第一类危险源•第二类危险源导致能量或危险物质约束或限制措施破坏或失效的各种因素称作第二类危险源。–物的故障–人的失误–环境因素中海油运CSTANKERHAZARDIDENTIFICATION事故发生往往是两类危险源共同作用的结果:•第一类危险源是伤亡事故发生的能量主体，决定事故后果的严重程度。•第二类危险源是第一类危险源造成事故的必要条件，决定事故发生的可能性。•两类危险源相互关联、相互依存。第一类危险源的存在是第二类危险源出现的前提；第二类危险源的出现时第一类危险源导致事故的必要条件。危险源识别的首要任务是辨识第一类危险源，在此基础上再辨识第二类危险源。中海油运CSTANKERHAZARDIDENTIFICATION事故发生往往是两类危险源共同作用的结果:•第一类危险源是伤亡事故发生的能量主体，决定事故后果的严重程度。•第二类危险源是第一类危险源造成事故的必要条件，决定事故发生的可能性。•两类危险源相互关联、相互依存。第一类危险源的存在是第二类危险源出现的前提；第二类危险源的出现时第一类危险源导致事故的必要条件。危险源识别的首要任务是辨识第一类危险源，在此基础上再辨识第二类危险源。中海油运CSTANKERHAZARDIDENTIFICATION隐患排查:•人的隐患–心理与生理素质-安全能力素质-文化素质•设备隐患–设计-制造-使用•管理隐患–制度、效能的发挥•环境隐患–自然环境-社会环境中海油运CSTANKERENERGYSOURCES中海油运CSTANKERGravityMotionMechanicalElectricalPressureTemperatureChemicalBiologicalRadiationSoundGRAVITY中海油运CSTANKERTheforcecausedbytheattractionofallothermassestothemassoftheearth.Examples:fallingobject,collapsingroof,andabodytrippingorfallingGRAVITY中海油运CSTANKER29MOTION中海油运CSTANKER3030Theenergyofmotionresultsfromanyphysicalmove