2019届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解习题讲评课六主旨大意题增分点(二)-标题归纳课件

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant，”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight­partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.27．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB．BalancingOurDailyDietC．MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD．CookingWellforLess[解析]选D本文第一段介绍《早安英国》的节目主持人苏珊娜·瑞德推出了一档新的电视节目，向观众介绍如何少花钱做出美味营养的饭菜。第二至五段均围绕“SaveMoney:GoodFood”这一电视节目，讲述主持人在厨师的帮助下为家庭提出建议，教他们如何少花钱做出美味营养的饭菜。因此D项作为标题最合适。[干扰项分析]A项以偏概全，只说了文章的一个方面——如何吃得好，没有提到是在省钱的条件下吃得好。B项无中生有，文章没有提到均衡饮食。C项以偏概全，只说了做好饭，没有说如何节省。[增分技巧]近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越倾向于从语篇的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力。我们在做题过程中也要相应地从局部思维转变为整体思维，要从整体上把握文章的大意，不可过于纠缠细节。文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容，利用文章中的细节内容进行干扰是命题人常采用的干扰方式。遇到文章大意题或者标题归纳题时，切忌只见树木，不见森林。1．好标题应具备的3个特点(1)概括性——能概括全文内容，体现文章的主旨；(2)针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；(3)醒目性——语言精练有吸引力。2．常用解题“3方法”(1)正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；(2)反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项；(3)研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。不管是选择“标题”还是选择“主题”，实际上都要求考生从整体上理解文章的内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线。在试题设置上，三个干扰项的内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非文章的主要内容，需要注意甄别。训练目标(一)对点练——攻克失分短板A(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D节选)We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk，”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband，”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell­beingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners，”hesays.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ConversationCountsB．WaysofMakingSmallTalkC．BenefitsofSmallTalkD．UncomfortableSilence解析：第一段：用实例引出人们在公共场所不交流的现象。第二段：通过设问分析问题的原因。第三段：闲聊的重要性。第四段：介绍ElizabethDunn的咖啡店实验。第五段：用Dunn和Carducci的观点总结全文。根据各段段意可知，文章主要讨论了闲聊在人际交往中的重要作用。故C项为本文最佳标题。答案：CB(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D节选)Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre­holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless­usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor)．Forweeks,I’vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball—simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Webothbecameabsorbedint