混凝土结构耐久性研究的回顾与展望-金伟良

36420027浙　江　大　学　学　报()JournalofZhejiangUniversity(EngineeringScience)Vol.36No.4July2002:2002-03-05.:(1963-),,,,,.E-mail:[e-mail]金伟良,赵羽习(,310027)　:,,,.,;,:、-、、、;.:;;:TP312　　　　　:A　　　　　:1008-973X(2002)04-0371-10State-of-the-artondurabilityofconcretestructuresJINWei-liang,ZHAOYu-xi(DepartmentofCivilEngineering,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027,China)Abstract:Concretestructuresarewidelyused,buttheyhaveafataldefectofpoordurabilityduetointernalfactorsofmaterialsandenvironmentalstate.Thedefectofconcretestructureshasresultedineconomiclossesworldwide,sothedurabilityofconcretestructuresmustbepaidgreatattentiontothepracticalengineering.Theconstructionprojectsarequotedheretoemphasistheimportanceofstudyondurabilityofconcretestructures.Thestateoftheartofstudiesondurabilityofconcretestructuresisintroduced,whichincludethattherearecarbonationofconcrete,alkali-aggregatereaction,freeze-thawofconcrete,corrosionbychoricsalt,durabilityofconcretemembersanddurabilityofconcretestructures.Somepointsofviewontheexpectationofthisareaarepresented.Keywords:concretestructure;durability;state-of-the-art　　1　1.1　,,,.,,,,..,150,,.,,,,,,,.,.、.,.1989(GBJ10-89),,,,.,,、.,,,、,.,,.,1975700,19851680,11,2800,19894500,1.6,151.2,6[1],.,,198628、、3235000,46.76m2,60%,5m2,5000,23m2..“”,1,:5;25;125.,,,1　Fig.1　Corrodedreinforcedconcretecolumn,;,,,.1.2　,,.1.2.1　某电厂升压站混凝土结构的耐久性破坏　,.;,,26.,,、,,.:,70%25%(1、2);,(3);,100%(4).1.2.2　某大桥混凝土结构的耐久性破坏　,1975,,.,,:,372浙　江　大　学　学　报(工学版)　　　　　　　　　　　第36卷　2　Fig.2　Corrodedreinforcedconcretebeam3　Fig.3　Corrodedreinforcedconcretebraket4　Fig.4　Corrodedreinforcedconcretetrussframe,(5);,(6).1.2.3　某码头混凝土结构的耐久性破坏　,,,,5　Fig.5　Corrodedreinforcedconcretecolumn6　Fig.6　Corrodedreinforcedconcretebeam7　3～5cmFig.7　Reinforcedconcretebeamwithlongitudinalsplitwidthof3～5cm.159.,,(7、8).20,,:,,1～3mm,373　第4期金伟良,等:混凝土结构耐久性研究的回顾与展望8　Fig.8　Corrodedreinforcedconcretememberπ,,70%π3mm,π1～3mm.2　1824,,,,.,、、,,(、)(),,,[2].1940,,,《》,[2].1880—1890,,[2].20,,,,,,.1925,,25a、50a[2];,[2];1934—1964,,、[2].1945,Powers,,,;1951,A.A.、B.M.,,B.M.《》《》;,,CH262-63、CH262-67,.60,,,,、.(RILEM)1960“”(12-CRC),,.19611969RILEM;1970、;19781993;1987,(IABSE)“”;1988“”;1989;1991;1993IABSE;20013(IABSE)CIB、ECCS、FIB、RILEM“,——”.,,、、374浙　江　大　学　学　报(工学版)　　　　　　　　　　　第36卷　,ACI4371991“”,.1989《()》.1992,《》.2001《》(ACMC2001),.60,.80,,.1982、1983,,.、,.,.199112,、.1994()“”.20005,,.200111,,.,“”《》.3　、,.、、.,、.,.,、.、、,.,9.:,,:,:,,:,-9　Fig.9　Studiesondurabilityofconcretestructure3.1　,,、,.,,,.,,.375　第4期金伟良,等:混凝土结构耐久性研究的回顾与展望,,.:CO2+H2O→H2CO3,(1)Ca(OH)2+H2CO3→CaCO3+2H2O.(2)DtD=Tt,(3)D2=D1t2t1.(4):T;D1、D2;t1、t2D1D2.T,、、、、,、[3～7].3.2　--,.,,,-.-,“”.-、、,.-:、()、,;;,.-,.,,..-,-:、;、、-、、.-,,、、,,,;,,.3.3　2030,、,,、[8]..,,,,.,,.,,.,,.,,,,,.,,,.,-78℃.,..,,.,.,,,,.、、、,.、.:、;,;,376浙　江　大　学　学　报(工学版)　　　　　　　　　　　第36卷　.3.4　,,,,、,,.,.,、,.,,,,[9].:1).,,,pH,pH4,.2).,,,,,.;,,.3).,.,.,,,,,.4).,,,,,.,,、、.,.,.,,Fick.,,,[10].3.5　,,.,,.,,.,、、[11～15]..、,,,,,(),.,.:····:Fe→Fe2++2e,(5):O2+2H2O+4e→4OH-,(6):Fe2++2OH-→Fe(OH)2,(7)4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O→4Fe(OH)3.(8),.,(pH12.5),,.,,,pH12,.,:,,,、,.,,.、.、、377　第4期金伟良,等:混凝土结构耐久性研究的回顾与展望、、,;、、、;/.3.6　.,,.,.,,,[16,17],,.,、,.,,,.,,[18～25].,,,[26～29].3.7　:.,,,,、.,.,.,,.,.,.,,.4　4.1　,,..·.,、,.,、,,,,.·,.,,,.·,,.,,.·,.,,、,,、.·.378浙　江　大　学　学　报(工学版)　　　　　　　　　　　第36卷　,,.,,.·,,,,.·、,,,.,,,,,.,,、、,,.,,,,.4.2　、　　WTO,,、、.,、.4.2.1　适当提高标准规范安全度设置水平　,.,.,,10%,.4.2.2　设置不同安全度　《》,,.、、(、)、,.,.4.2.3　加强耐久性设计　.,,,,,,、,.4.2.4　积极采用提高混凝土结构耐久性的措施　,.,.、,,.4.2.5　加强施工管理、提高施工质量　、,.,,,、,.4.2.6　重视使用阶段的维护和管理　,.,,,.,,,.(References):[1]MEHTAPK.Concretedurability:fiftyyear'sprogress[A].Proceedingof2ndInternationalConferenceonConcreteDurability[C].ACISP126-1,1991.1-33.[3],.[R].:,1994.DIXiao-tan,ZHOUYan.Studyoncarbonationofconcrete[R].Beijing:ChinaAcademyofBulidingInstetute,1994.[4],.379　第4期金伟良,等:混凝土结构耐久性研究的回顾与展望[J].,1998,28(1):16-19.ZHANGYu,JIANGLi-xue.Apracticalmathematicalmodelofconcretecarbonationdepthbasedonthemechanism[J].IndustrialConstruction,1998,28(1):16-19.[5],,.[J].(),1998,32(5):519-525.JINWei-liang,ZHANGLiang,YANFei.Applicationoffunctional-linkneuralnetworkinanalysisofconcretecarbonization[J].JournalofZhejiangUniversity(EngineeringScience),1998,32(5):519-525.[6],,.[J].,1999,29(1):12-17.YANFei,JINWei-liang,ZHANGLiang.Effectofsemi-carbonationzoneonconcretecarbonationmodel[J].IndustrialConstruction,1999,29(1):12-17.[7].、[D].:,1999.ZHANGLiang.Carbonization,corrosionandreliabilityofconcretestructures[D].Hangzhou:ZhejiangUniversity,1999.[8],.[M].:,1990.GONGLuo-shu,LIUChun-pu.Durability,protectionandrepairofconcretestructure[M].Beijing:ChinaConstructionIndustrialPublisher,1990.[9].[M].:,1998.HONGDin-hai.Corrosionandprotectionofsteelbarsinconcrete[M].Beijing:ChinaRailwayPublisher,1998.[10].(3)——[J],,1999,29(10):60-63.HONGNai-feng.Corrosionandprotectivetechnologyofrebarinconcrete(3):Rebarcorrosionbychoricsalt[J].IndustrialConstruction,1999,29(10):60-63.[11],.[J].,1990,23(4):69-78.LIUXi-la,MIAOShu-ke.Steelcorrosionandthedurabilitycalculationofreinforcedconcretestructures[J].ChinaCivilEngineeringJournal,1990,23(4):69-78.[12],,.[J].,1996,26(4