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:2008-06-10;:2008-09-28:(2007-19);: (1983),,,Δ6(Tel)027-86838791(E-mail)ruoping125038@yahoo.com.cn。:,,(E-mail)mljiang@oilcrops.cn。王 萍1,2,张银波2,江木兰2(1.中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100062;2.中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,武汉430062):多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)对人体有重要的生理功能。它能调节人体的脂质代谢,治疗和预防心脑血管疾病,促进生长发育,此外对抗癌、免疫调节、延缓衰老、减肥、美容等方面均具有重要的生理作用。因此,PUFAs的食品资源开发正成为功能食品研究的热点领域之一,许多PUFAs已在保健食品和医学研究中得到应用。主要阐述了多不饱和脂肪酸的分类、命名、来源、生物学特性以及最新的研究动态,并对其在食品、医药、日用品方面的应用及应注意的问题、研究进展进行了综述。:多不饱和脂肪酸;去饱和酶;ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸;ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸:TQ641 :A :1003-7969(2008)12-0042-05ResearchadvanceinpolyunsaturatedfattyacidWANGPing1,2,ZHANGYinbo2,JIANGMulan2(1.GraduateSchoolofChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100062,China;2.OilCropsResearchInstituteofChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Wuhan430062,China)Abstract:Polyunsaturatedfattyacids(PUFAs)haveimportantbiologicalfunctionsforhumanbeings,suchasregulatinglipidmetabolism,stimulatinggrowingdevelopment,anti-cancer,anti-aging,immunoregu-lation,cardiovascularhealth,weightlossandsoon.DevelopmentoffoodresourceswithPUFAsisbecom-ingoneofthehotfieldsoffunctionalfoodstudy.ManyPUFAshaveplayedanimportantroleinhealthfoodandmedicalresearch.Theclassification,denomination,origin,biologicalcharacteristicsandthelatestdevelopmentofPUFAswerereviewed,theapplication,advertentproblemsandstudyadvanceofPUFAsinfood,medicineandcommoditywerealsodescribed.Keywords:PUFAs;desaturase;ω-3PUFAs;ω-6PUFAs 。,、、、,(、);、、、、、。(PolyunsaturatedFattyAcids,PUFAs),,,,,,,,“”,,。,,、。1 ,,16~22,,。,,(DHA)、(EPA)42 CHINAOILSANDFATS 2008Vol.33No.12(LA)(),。ω-3、ω-6、ω-7、ω-9(n)[1]。ω-3:α-(ALA)、、(DPA)[2];ω-6:、-7-(DHGLA)、γ-(GLA)(ARA)[3];ω-7(Palmiticacid),ω-9:(Oleicacid)、(Meadacid)。:ω-3ω-6,,PUFAs、。,,。ω-3ω-6,、α-、γ-。,,。,,(1)、(2)(3)[4]。,IUPAC(COOH)1,,“9-”;“9,12-”,。2 2.1 ω-3脂肪酸系列主要来源2.1.1 α- α-,、α-,(57%)[4],α-,。,,、,α-。2.1.2 EPADHA [5],、、,,EPADHA。,、、EPA[6]。EPA(30%),DHA,,DHA。,、、,EPA。2.2 ω-6脂肪酸系列主要来源2.2.1 ,30%。、、,、、、、、。2.2.2 γ- γ-,,。,、γ-,γ-。,PUFAs,γ-。2.2.3 ,、、、(、、)。40%,、[7]。3 3.1 在食品方面的应用,,。,,ω-3、;DHA,,,。EPA、DHA,、,,,[8-10]。,PUFAs,、、,,[11,12]。2000,,,,。,43 20083312 CHINAOILSANDFATS,[13]。,、、、,。3.2 在医药方面的应用,PUFAs、、、、[14-17]。PUFAs、、,()、、、,[18,19];PUFAs,A2,,PUFAs;,EPA,,、、,[20];α-、γ-、EPADHA,。,,。,、、、、。3.3 在日用品方面的应用“”,,,;,,。PUFAs,、,。(),γ-。,,[21]。3.4 PUFAs使用过程中应注意的问题PUFAs,。ω-3PUFAs、、,。EPADHA,、。DHA,。:EPA,。ω-6PUFAs,,ω-3PUFAs。,,,,、、[22,8]。ω-3PUFAsω-6,ω-6ω-3,ω-3PUFAs[23]。,ω-6PUFAs,ω-3PUFAs,ω-6/ω-3PUFAs。20,PUFAs,,PUFAs3%,8%~23%,ω-6ω-3(5~10)∶1。PUFAs、。4 4.1 利用微生物生产不饱和脂肪酸的研究PUFAs,、,PUFAs,PUFAs,,。、。,PUFAs———PUFAs。、、、、、。PUFAsPUFAs,,PUFAs,。,,、γ-、EPA。、,。,44 CHINAOILSANDFATS 2008Vol.33No.12PUFAs,,。,。(Mor-tierellaisabellina)γ-,EPA、DHA。,、,、,。,、,,,PUFAs,PUFAs。、、ω-3,。,,PUFAs,,,。,,,。PUFAs,,PUFAs,PUFAs,,。4.2 多不饱和脂肪酸合成相关酶的研究PUFAs(),(Desaturase,DS)(Elongase,EL)。PUFAs,PUFAs。,[24]。、。,Δ12DSΔ15DS,Δ4DS,α-PUFAs,PUFAs。,。,,,,,Δ3、Δ5、Δ6。NC,,,4,,3[25]。1993,Reddy[26]γ-(Synechocystissp.)Δ6,1080bp,359,Cosmid,CosmidΔ6(AnabaenaPCC7120),γ-。1997Sayanova[27](Boragooffi-cinalis)Δ6。1999Yung-Sheng[28](Mortierellaalpina)Δ6Δ12。2004,Dyer[29]Δ3,。2007Maali-Amiri[30](Cyanobacterium)Δ12,。2008,Hao[31]Δ6,γ-。,。,,,。,,,,;;,。。:[1],.[J].,2006,26(12):69-70.45 20083312 CHINAOILSANDFATS[2],,,.n-3,[J].,2006(6):52-54.[3],,.n-6[J].,2006,32(6):960-963.[4].n-3[J].,2003(9):50.[5]GARGML,LEITCHJ,BLAKERJ,etal.Longchainn-3polyunsaturatedfattyacidincorporationintohumanatriumfollowingfishoilsupplementation[J].Lipids,2006,41:1127-1132.[6].[J].,2006,4(4):7-11.[7],.[J].,2007(4):10-12.[8],,.n-6n-3[J].,2006(2):115-120.[9],,.[J].,2002,30(2):27-30.[10]RAPOPORTSI,RAOJS,IGARASHIM.Brainmetabolismofnutritionallyessentialpolyunsaturatedfattyacidsdependsonboththedietandtheliver[J].Prostaglandins,Leukotri-enesandEssentialFattyAcids,2007,77:251-261.[11],.[J].,2006(3):113-115,135.[12]SAUERWALDTU,DEMMELMAIRH,KOLETZKOB.Polyunsaturatedfattyacidsupplywithhumanmilk[J].Lipids,2001,36:991-996.[13]BENXiaoming,ZHOUXiaoyu,ZHAOWeihua,etal.Growthanddevelopmentofterminfantsfedwithmilkwithlongchainpolyunsaturatedfattyacidsupplementation[J].ChineseMedicalJournal,2004,117(8):1268-1270.[14].[J].,2006(1):45-46.[16]LEFEVERM,KRIS-ETJERTPMPM.Dietaryfattyacids,hemostasis,andcardiovasculardiseaserisk[J].JAmDietAssoc,2004,104:410-419.[17]ERKKILAA,DEMELLOVDF,RISERUSU,etal.Diet-aryfattyacidsandcardiovasculardisease:anepidemiologi-calapproach[J].ProgressinLipidResearch,2008,47:172-187.[18]CAPLANMS,JILLINGT.Theroleofpolyunsaturatedfattyacidsupplementationinintestinalinflammationandneonatalnecrotizingenterocolitis[J].Lipids,2001,36:9.[19]SHINSY,BAJPAIVK,KIMHR,etal.Antibacterialac-tivityofeicosapentaenoicacid(EPA)againstfoodborneandfoodspoilagemicroorganisms[J].LWT,2007,40:1515-1519.[20]ELMESM,GREENLR,POOREK,etal.Raiseddietaryn-6polyunsaturatedfattyacidintakeincreases2-seriesprostaglandinproductionduringlabourintheewe[J].JPhysiol,2005,562(2):583-592.[21],.[J].,2003,7(4):289-304.[22],.ω-6ω-3[J].,2006,33(2):70-73.[23]MOZAFFARIAND,ASCHERIOA,HUFB,etal.Interplaybetweenintermediatechanin-3,longchainn-3,andn-6polyunsaturatedfattyacidsandriskofcoronaryheartdis-easeinmen[J].Circ
本文标题:多不饱和脂肪酸的研究进展-王萍
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