材料力学术语中英文对照

1索引（按汉语拼音字母顺序）A安全因数safetyfactorB半桥接法halfbridge闭口薄壁杆thin-walledtubes比例极限proportionallimit边界条件boundaryconditions变截面梁beamofvariablecrosssection变形deformation变形协调方程compatibilityequation标距gagelength泊松比Poisson’sratio补偿块compensatingblockC材料力学mechanicsofmaterials冲击荷载impactload初应力，预应力initialstress纯剪切pureshear纯弯曲purebending脆性材料brittlematerialsD大柔度杆longcolumns单位荷载unitload单位力偶unitcouple单位荷载法unit-loadmethod单向应力，单向受力uniaxialstress等强度梁beamofconstantstrength低周疲劳low-cyclefatigue电桥平衡bridgebalancing电阻应变计resistancestraingage电阻应变仪resistancestrainindicator叠加法superpositionmethod叠加原理superpositionprinciple动荷载dynamicload断面收缩率percentagereductioninarea多余约束redundantrestraint2E二向应力状态stateofbiaxialstressF分布力distributedforce复杂应力状态stateoftriaxialstress复合材料compositematerialG杆，杆件bar刚度stiffness刚架，构架frame刚结点rigidjoint高周疲劳high-cyclefatigue各向同性材料isotropicalmaterial功的互等定理reciprocal-worktheorem工作应变计activestraingage工作应力workingstress构件structuralmember惯性半径radiusofgyrationofanarea惯性积productofinertia惯性矩，截面二次轴距momentofinertia广义胡克定律generalizedHook’slawH横向变形lateraldeformation胡克定律Hook’slaw滑移线slip-linesJ基本系统primarysystem畸变能理论distortionenergytheory畸变能密度distortionalstrainenergydensity极惯性矩，截面二次极矩polarmomentofinertia极限应力ultimatestress极限荷载limitload挤压应力bearingstress剪力shearforce剪力方程equationofshearforce剪力图shearforcediagram剪流shearflow剪切胡克定律Hook’slawforshear剪切shear3交变应力，循环应力cyclicstress截面法methodofsections截面几何性质geometricalpropertiesofanarea截面核心coreofsection静不定次，超静定次数degreeofastaticallyindeterminateproblem静不定问题，超静定问题staticallyindeterminateproblem静定问题staticallydeterminateproblem静荷载staticload静矩，一次矩staticmoment颈缩neckingK开口薄壁杆barofthin-walledopencrosssection抗拉强度ultimatestressintension抗扭截面系数sectionmodulusintorsion抗扭强度ultimatestressintorsion抗弯截面系数sectionmodulusinbendingL拉压刚度axialrigidity拉压杆，轴向承载杆axiallyloadedbar理想弹塑性假设elastic-perfectlyplasticassumption力法forcemethod力学性能mechanicalproperties连续梁continuousbeam连续条件continuitycondition梁beams临界应力criticalstress临界荷载criticalloadM迈因纳定律Miner’slaw名义屈服强度offsetyieldingstress莫尔强度理论Mohrtheoryoffailure敏感栅sensitivegridN挠度deflection挠曲轴deflectioncurve挠曲轴方程equationofdeflectioncurve挠曲轴近似微分方程approximatelydifferentialequationofthedeflectioncurve内力internalforces扭力矩twistingmoment扭矩torsionalmoment4扭矩图torquediagram扭转torsion扭转极限应力ultimatestressintorsion扭转角angeloftwist扭转屈服强度yieldingstressintorsion扭转刚度torsionalrigidityO欧拉公式Euler’sformulaP疲劳极限，条件疲劳极限endurancelimit疲劳破坏fatiguerupture疲劳寿命fatiguelife偏心拉伸eccentrictension偏心压缩eccentriccompression平均应力averagestress平面弯曲planebending平面应力状态stateofplanestress平行移轴定理parallelaxistheorem平面假设planecross-sectionassumptionQ强度strength强度理论theoryofstrength强度条件strengthcondition切变模量shearmodulus切应变shearstrain切应力shearstress切应力互等定理theoremofconjugateshearingstress屈服yield屈服强度yieldstrength全桥接线法fullbridgeR热应力thermalstressS三向应力状态stateoftriaxialstress三轴直角应变花three-elementrectangularrosette三轴等角应变花three-elementdeltarosette失稳buckling伸长率elongation5圣维南原理Saint-Venant’sprinciple实验应力分析experimentalstressanalysis塑性变形，残余变形plasticdeformation塑性材料，延性材料ductilematerials塑性铰plastichingeT弹簧常量springconstant弹性变形elasticdeformation弹性模量modulusofelasticity体积力bodyforce体积改变能密度densityofenergyofvolumechange体应变volumestrainW弯矩bendingmoment弯矩方程equationofbendingmoment弯矩图bendingmomentdiagram弯曲bending弯曲刚度flexuralrigidity弯曲正应力normalstressinbending弯曲切应力shearstressinbending弯曲中心shearcenter位移法displacementmethod位移互等定理reciprocal-displacementtheorem稳定条件stabilitycondition稳定性stability稳定安全因数safetyfactorforstabilityX细长比，柔度slendernessratio线性弹性体linearelasticbody约束扭转constrainttorsion相当长度，有效长度equivalentlength相当应力equivalentstress小柔度杆shortcolumns形心轴centroidalaxis形状系数shapefactor许用应力allowablestress许用应力法allowablestressmethod许用荷载allowableload许用荷载法allowableloadmethod6Y应变花strainrosette应变计straingage应变能strainenergy应变能密度strainenergydensity应力stress应力速率stressratio应力比stressratio应力幅stressamplitude应力状态stateofstress应力集中stressconcentration应力集中因数stressconcentrationfactor应力－寿命曲线，S-N曲线stress-cyclecurve应力－应变图stress-straindiagram应力圆，莫尔圆Mohr’scircleforstressesZ正应变normalstrain正应力normalstress中面middleplane中柔度杆intermediatecolumns中性层neutralsurface中性轴neutralaxis轴shaft轴力axialforce轴力图axialforcediagram轴向变形axialdeformation轴向拉伸axialtension轴向压缩axialcompression主平面principalplanes主应力principalstress主应力迹线principalstresstrajectory主轴principalaxis主惯性矩principalmomentofinertia主形心惯性矩principalcentroidalmomentsofinertia主形心轴principalcentroidalaxis转角angelofrotation转轴公式transformationequation自由扭转freetorsion组合变形combineddeformation组合截面compositearea最大切应力理论maximumshearstresstheory最大拉应变理论maximumtensilestraintheory7最大拉应力理论maximumtensilestresstheory最大应力maximumstress最小应力minimumstress