您好,欢迎访问三七文档
三河市第三中学★Learntobe,learntoknow,learntobetogether,learntolive!学会做人,学会学习,学会合作,学会生存!★高一英语导学案制作人:吴娜审核人:高一英语组第1页高一英语情态动词导学案【明确目标】1、掌握情态动词的用法2、能够运用所学情态动词知识进行熟练对话。。【自学指导】概说:情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态,需要,可能,愿意和怀疑等。情态动词有一定的词义,但不完整,必须和主要动词的原形一起构成谓语。常用的情态动词有:can,could,may,might,must,haveto,oughtto,need,dare,shall,will,should,would,beableto,etc.一.can,could,beableto用法I.1)can表示体力或脑力方面的能力,或根据客观条件能够做某事的能力。Ablindmancannotjudgecolor.Hecanspeakfivelanguages.2)表示许可,在疑问句中表示要求,否定句中表示不许。Can(May)Icomein?-----CanIuseyourdictionary?-----Ofcourse,youcan.3)表示可能性,常用于疑问句和否定句中.Canitbetrue?Canthehallseatathousandpeople?Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whocanitbe?Shecan’tbehere.Marycan’thavegonetherealone.4)beableto与can的比较A)表示能力时可通用Noonecan/isabletodoit.Canyoucometonight?/Willyoubeabletocometonight?B)表示经过努而成功地办到了某个具体的事情时,只能用beableto不可用can。Withthehelpofthefiremen,theywereabletoleavetheburninghouse.Afteryearsofhardworkhewasabletowintheprize.2.could1)could是can的过去时,除具有can的各种功能外,还可以用来比较委婉,客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Couldyoucomealittleearlier?I’msorryIcouldn’tlendyouthebooknow.---CouldIborrowyourbicycle?---Yes,ofcourse,youcan.(不可用could)Icouldcomeearlier,ifnecessary.2)can和could还可表示某人或某物一时的特点,可译为“有可能,有时会”。Hecanbeveryfriendly.Hecouldbeveryproud.二.may,might1)表示许可,允许,译为“可以”Youmaytakethebookhome.Peoplemaynotpickflowersinthepark.三河市第三中学★Learntobe,learntoknow,learntobetogether,learntolive!学会做人,学会学习,学会合作,学会生存!★高一英语导学案制作人:吴娜审核人:高一英语组第2页I’dliketoaskaquestionifImayask.---MayIwatchTVtonight?---Yes,youmay.(No,youmustn’t/you’dbetternot.)---MayIsmokehere?---Yes,please./pleasedon’t.2)表示推测,“或许,可能”表示一件事或许会发生,一般用在陈述句中。Itmayraintomorrow.Theymaynotbetheretoday.3)表示祝愿Mayourfriendshiplivelong!Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhaveagoodtime!Mayyoubehappy!4)maywell+动词原形意为“理应,有足够的理由”may/mightaswell+动词原形用来建议或劝说某人采取某种行动,有时相当于hadbetter常译为“还不如,不妨”。Hemaywellbeproudofhisson.Itisverylate,soyoumay/mightaswellgotobed.Might:might是may的过去式,在表示可能时可以换用,但might可能性较小,或表示更婉转的语气。Jimmaylendyoumoney.MightIaskaquestion?MayIaskforaphotoofyours?IwonderifImightborrowsomemoney?三.must,haveto,need1.must的用法:1)表示必须要做的事,意为“必须”,mustn’t表示禁止。在回答must的问句时,不用mustn’t,而用needn’t或don’thavetoImustleaveat9.Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.Wemustn’twasteourtime.---Mustwehandinourexercisestoday?---Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.2)must表示“偏要,非得”,(多指不愉快的事)Whymustyoualwaysinterruptme?3)must还可表示推断。①must+do对现在事推测;②must+havedone对过去事推测.③must+bedong对正在进行的事推测ThismustbeJim’spen.Youmustbejoking.Ican’tfindmykey.Imusthaveleftitinthebus.2.must与haveto的比较:1).haveto比较强调客观需要,表示因客观环境或事态促使而不得不做某事;must强调主观看法,表示主观上认为有必要做某事。Imustlearnanotherforeignlanguage.Youhavetolearnanotherforeignlanguageifyouwanttoworkhere.三河市第三中学★Learntobe,learntoknow,learntobetogether,learntolive!学会做人,学会学习,学会合作,学会生存!★高一英语导学案制作人:吴娜审核人:高一英语组第3页2)haveto多表示义务或习惯动作;must则表示一种重要或急迫的事情。Youhavetocarefortheyoung.Shehastobeattheofficebeforeeighteveryday.Youmustgotothemanageratonce,oryou’llbedismissed.【合作探究】3.need的用法:1)作情态动词用时,多用于疑问或否定句中。回答need提出的问句时,肯定常用must否定常用needn’t/don’thavetoYouneednotdoanythinghere.Heneverneedknow.Sheneedhardlysayanythingtohim.Idon’tthinkheneedcome.NeedIrepeatit?Thereneedbenohurry,needthere?---NeedIgososoon?---Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.2)needhave+过去分词,表示本没必要做,事实上做了Youneedn’thavetoldthemaboutit.Iinvitedonlytwoguests,soyouneedn’thavebroughtsomuchfood.need用做行为动词时的用法:1)needtodo;needdoing;needtobedone的用法Ineedtobuyanewdictionary.Mybikeneedstoberepaired/repairing.2)在will或shall表示的将来时中need常用做行为动词。Youwillneverneedtoworryabouthim.Youwillneedtosaynothing四.will和would的用法:1.表示意愿意志和决心或固执,用于非人主语时,表示固有性质,倾向Shewon’tlendmethemoney.Heisthemanwhowillgohisownway.I’llneverplayajokeonhim.Iwon’targuewithyou.Thewindowwon’topen.Thedoorwon’tshut.2.表示客观事实Fishwilldieoutofwater.Oilwillfloatonwater.3.表示一种揣想,用于二,三人称ItwillbeMr.Wangknockingatthedoor.Shewillhaveheardoftheaccident.Sorrytobelate.Youwillhavebeenwaitingforsometime.Youwillnotbefamiliarwiththeserareplants.4.用于疑问句表示邀请或请求Willyougivemeapieceofpaper?Won’tyoucomeinandhavealittlewine?Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourtelephonenumber?5.表示“诺言”,“命令”,“叮嘱”,“强迫”译为“保证/保证三河市第三中学★Learntobe,learntoknow,learntobetogether,learntolive!学会做人,学会学习,学会合作,学会生存!★高一英语导学案制作人:吴娜审核人:高一英语组第4页不,必须,一定要Wewillpaybackthemoneysoon.Iwon’tdoitanymore,Ipromiseyou.You’llwaitheretillIcomeback.Noonewillleavetheexaminationroombefore12o’clock.6.表示意图或允诺Youwillhaveyourshare.Iwilltroubleyouforthedictionary.7.表示拒绝,用won’tIwon’tlistentoyournonsense.Thedogwon’tstopbarking.8.would与will的用法基本相同,would是will的过去式。如:will表示习惯而would过去习惯;用在疑问句中would比will语气更温婉等差异。ItoldhimthatIwouldgoalongwithhim.Wouldlikesomethingtoeat?WhenIwasachild,Iwouldgoswimmingeverysummer.五.shall,should,ought的用法A)shall的用法1.用于一,三人称,表示征求意见或请求指示。ShallIturnonthelight?Shallwemeetintheevening?Shall+he/she/they+dosth=Doyouwanthim/her/themtodosth2.用于二,三人称,表示决心,意志,允诺,命令,警告,威胁,命运或必然的结果等。Youshallhavemyanswertomorrow.(允诺)Youshallbesorryforitoneday.(警告)B)should的用法1.表示劝告,建议,应该做,且有一种道义上的责任。Youshouldstudythearticlecarefully.Suchathingshouldn’tbeallowedtohappenagain.Ishouldhelphimbecauseheisintroublenow.Youshoulddoitbecauseyouhavepromisedto.2.表示对现在,将来,过去情况的某种推测
本文标题:情态动词导学案
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-5301724 .html