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RESOURCESENVIRONMENTANDDEVELOPMENTNO.1.2014*1111121(1陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院、2陕西师范大学历史文化学院、陕西西安、710062)陕北窑洞作为一种人与自然和谐相处的生态建筑的典型,成为当今社会的研究热点。通过对陕北地区洛川县、志丹县和米脂县的地理环境与窑洞建筑进行实地考察获取数据,运用SPSS等相关分析软件对数据进行处理,通过对比分析的方法,研究三县窑洞建筑的地域差异及成因。研究表明陕北窑洞差异主要体现在以下几方面:窑洞的选址、窑洞类型、窑洞大小及形状、窑洞门窗格局及窑洞内部格局。造成差异的原因不仅与自然因素有关,且与经济发展有密切的联系。陕北窑洞;地域差异;成因,,40,80,:、、[1]、。[2];[3];[4];[5];,[6],,。、[7],,。:,,;,、,,。1、1.1,,,[8],。、、、、、,。1.2,,。,,,。:、、[9]。1.3[10]::。,,*基金项目:陕西师范大学国家级大学生创新性实验计划项目(201210781059);陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(GK201102013);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2011JQ5011)资助。3220141,,,、。:。,,,。,,,“”。:。、,“”,,“”。1.4,,,,,,;,,,,;,,,[11]。2、,、、、,80744,,。,,,[12]。,[13][14],、,,,,,[15]。———,[16]。3、、,:3.1,,,,。、、,,,。3.2,,,;,,。3.3,:9.2m8.5m,4.5m,4m,0.7m;,6.6m,3.3m(4.2m),3m,0.6m,。,,,,,,,,[10];8m,3.3m,3.5m。0.7m。3.4,,()(),,()、。,,,。、,,。33RESOURCESENVIRONMENTANDDEVELOPMENTNO.1.20143.5,,;(:),。,,,,。,,。1Tab.1Comparisonofcavefeatures4、4.14.1.1,、。,,(,)。,,,,[17],。,,,。,,,,,,,,。,,,,,。,,,“”,,,。,,,,,,。4.1.2,,,,,:,,;,(1),,,,,;(2),,,,,,,,。,9.2m8.5m,4.5m,4m,。、,6.6m,3.3m(4.2m),3m,,,。、8,3.3,3.5(),。34201414.1.3,,[18]。,,,,。:,,:0.001mm6%40.4%,0.0169cm/min,90min3.66cm2.02cm[19].(3),,,,,。,,,,,。4.24.2.1,,,。,,、,,,2(30)Fig.2Threecountiesrainfall(30yearsonaverage)1(30)Fig.1Threecountiessunshinedays(30yearsonaverage)3Fig.3ThreecountiesloessGranularityaccumulationcontent35RESOURCESENVIRONMENTANDDEVELOPMENTNO.1.2014,,。,,,,,,,,,,,,,。4.2.2,。,,,,。,(4),。,。,,,、,。4.2.3,,,,,,,:,,,,。5、、、、,,。,;;,、,、。,,,。,,,。、,,。,4Fig.4ZhiDancavegroup3620141,,,,。,,,,,。[1]陶盈科,吴成基,彭永祥.陕北旅游资源的整合分析研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22[2].[TaoYingke,WuChengji,PengYongxiang.AnalysisonConformingofTourismResourcesofNorthernShaanxiprovince[J].JournalofAridLandResourcesandEnvi-ronment,2008,22[2].][2]梁昭华,郭晨园,李永伦.陕北窑洞建筑装饰纹样的形式美[J].艺术与设计(理论),2009,[4]:104-106.[LiangZhaohua,GuoChenyuan,LiYonglun.TheFormalBeautyoftheCaveDwellingsinBuildingDecorativePatternintheNorthofShaanxi[J].ArtandDe-sign,2009,[4]:104-106.][3]韩奕.陕北窑洞民居之土文化[J].山西建筑,2006,32[16]:33-34.[HANYi,Earthcultureofcave-houseusingforfolkhouseinthenorthofShanxi[J].SHANXIARCHITECTURE,2006,32[16]:33-34.][4]白凯,吴成基,苏慧敏,等.陕北黄土高原窑洞文化与旅游开发探讨[J].地域研究与开发,2006,25[6]:76-79.[BAIKai,WuChengji,SuHuimin,etal.AStudyonCaveDwellingCultureintheNorthernShaanxiProvinceandtheTourExploring[J].AREALRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT,2006,25[6]:76-79.][5]方李莉.陕北人的窑洞生活:历史、传承与变迁[J].广西民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2003,25[2]:26-30.[FangLili.LifeinShanbei.sCave-houses:History,inheritanceandchange[J].JOURNALOFGUANGXIUNIVERSITYFORNATIONALITIES(PhilosophyandSocialScienceEdition),2003,25[2]:26-30.][6]李峰,李志民,王艳安.陕北小城镇居住建筑适宜性研究--以志丹县新型窑洞为例[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50[10]:1992-1995.[LIFeng,LIZhimin,WangYan'an.TheSuitabilityofResidentialBuildinginSmallTownsofNorthernShaanxi--TakingNew-typeCaveDwellingsinZhidanCountyforExample[J].HubeiAgriculturalSciences,2011,50[10]:1992-1995.][7]李建勇.陕北米脂窑洞古城民居聚落形态研究[D].西安:西安美术学院,2007.[LiJianyong.ShaanxiMiZhicaveancientfolkhouseformresearch[D].Xi'an:XI'ANACADMEYOFFINEARTS,2007.][8]王之权.窑洞--中国生态民居之寄[J].延安职业技术学院学报,2012,26[2]:94.[WangZhiquan.CaveDwelling,EcoFolkHouseofChina[J].JournalofYan'anVocational&TechnicalInstitute,2012,26[2]:94][9]侯继尧,王军.中国窑洞[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,2004.[HouJiyao,WANGJun.YAO-DONGINCHIAN[M].Zhengzhou:HENANSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYPRESS,2004.][10]任芳.晋西、陕北窑洞民居比较研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2011.[RENFang.CaveDwellingsStudyinWestofShanxiandNorth-ernofShaallXi[D].Taiyuan:TAIYUANUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGY,2011.][11]张磊.原始生态建筑之陕北窑洞[J].山西建筑,2008,34[10]:71-72.[ZHANGLei.Theoriginecologicalarchitectureofnorthernofthecave-houseinShanxiprovince[J],SHANXIARCHITECTURE,2008,34[10]:71-72.][12]岳大鹏.陕北黄土高原多沙粗沙区乡村聚落发展与土壤侵蚀研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2005.[YueDapeng.StudyonRuralSettlementDevelopmentandSoilErosionintheMuchandCoarseSiltAreainNorthShaanxiLoessPlateau[D].Xi'an:ShaanxiNormalUniversity,2005.][13]陈建生,刘震,刘晓艳.深循环地下水维系黄土高原风尘颗粒连续沉积[J].地质学报,2013,87[2].[ChenJiansheng,LIUZhen,LiuXiaoyan.Deep-CirculationGroundwaterMaintainsDustyParticlesinLoessPlateau[J].ACTAGEOLOGICASINICA,2013,87[2].][14]宋阳,刘连友,严平,等.土壤可蚀性研究述评[J].干旱区地理,2006,29[1].[SONGYang,LiuLianyou,YANPing,etal.Areviewofsoilerodibilityresearch[J].ARIDLANDGEOGRAPHY,2006,29[1].][15]严钦尚,曾昭璇.地貌学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1985.118-124.[YanQinshang,ZengZhaoxuan.DIMAOXUE[M].Beijing:HIGH-EREDUCATIONPRESS,1985.118-124.][16]吴昊.陕北窑洞民居[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.[WUHao.ShaanxiCaveHomes[M].Beijing:CHINAARCHITECTURE&BUILDINGPRESS,2008.][17]安芷生,G.Kukla,刘东生.洛川黄土地层学[J].第四纪研究,1989.[AnZhisheng,G.Kukla,LiuDongsheng.LOESSSTRATIGRAPHYINLUOCHUANOFCHINA[J].QUATERNARYSCIENCES,1989.][18]朱显谟.黄土土壤能成为一个独立的土纲吗?[J].土壤通报,1993,24[1]:40-41.[ZhuXianmo.Loesssoilcanbecomeanindepen-dentsoil?[J].ChineseJournalofSoilScience,1993,24[1]:40-41][19]李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.不同粘粒含量土壤水分入渗能力模拟试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27[3]:71-72.[LIZhuo,WuPute,FENGHao,etal.Effectsofsoilclayparticlecontentonsoilinfiltrationcapacitybysimulatedexperiments[J].AgriculturalResearchintheAridAreas,2009,27[3]:71-72.](下转第39页)3720141AStudyinRegionaldifferencesandCausesofCaveconstructionintheNorthernShaanxiBAIHai-zhen1MABei-bei1WUMing-xia1ZHAOYun-hua1LIUYan-li1YANGYu-ying2LVXiao-fen1(1CollegeofTourismandEnvironment,ShaanxiNormalUniversity,Xi’an71006
本文标题:陕北窑洞建筑的地域差异及成因分析-白海珍
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