Short-Answer-Questions

1ShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.Thisistrueregardlessofage.Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.Andsomeonewithahistoryofdoingmoreratherthanlesswillgointooldagemorecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.“Theideaisnotnecessarytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation,”saysJamesFozard,associatedirectoroftheNationalInstituteonAging.“Mostofusdon’tneedthatkindofskill.Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmentalalertness.”Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskills,bothbecausetheyenjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.GeneCohen,actingdirectorofthesameinstitute,suggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.Cohensaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremorelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiesandtobegenerallyhappierandbetteradjusted.“Thepointis,youneedtodoboth,”Cohensays.“Intellectualactivityactuallyinfluencesbrain-cellhealthandsize.”Questions:(注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分)。S1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?__________________________________S2.Inwhatareaswillthebrainactmoreactivelywhenpeoplearementallyengaged?_________________________________S3.Whatkindofpeoplearemorecognitivelyhealthy?__________________________________S4.AccordingtoFozard’sview,howcanpeoplemaketheirbrainsworkmoreefficiently?__________________________________S5.WhatdoesCohenadviseolderpeopletodo?__________________________________Landingmenonthemooncapturedthepublicimaginationlikefewothereventsthiscentury.Ithadlesstodowithsciencethanwithdemonstratingsuperiorityduringthecoldwar.Althoughputtingpeopleintoorbitisnowroutine,travelingfurtherisnot.Mostspacecraftsareunmannedthesedaysbutmissionsarestillunpredictable;aspacecraftwasdestroyedontheapproachtoMarsonlylastmonth.OursightsaresetonMarsbecausepeoplestillhopetofindlifethere—notthemoviedirector’sideaofamartian,butrathermicro-scopicformsoflifehiddenbeneaththesurfacetoprotectthemfromthecold.AnotherpossiblehometolifeisJupiter’smoon,Europe,which2seemstohaveslushbeneathitsicecrustthatiskeptwarmbytides.Butexplorationisalongwayoff.Beyondourownsolarsystem,wewillkeepupthesearchforplanetsthatmightsustainlife.WenowknowthatstarsotherthanourSunhaveplanets,butthere’sstillabigdifferencebetweenfindinglifeandintelligentlife.Youcansay:”Therearesomanystars,someofthemwithplanets,thatsomeofthoseplanetsmustbeconducivetolife.”Butevenifthatweretrue,thatlifemighthavehappenedmillionsofyearsagoorbegoingtohappenmillionsofyearsinthefuture.Theprospectsaren’tgreat.Whattechnologycandoistohangareceiveronaradiotelescopetosearchforsignalsfromspacethatmighthavebeencreatedartificially.Nothingmuchhasbeenfoundsofar,butit’sasearchthathascapturedpeople’simagination.6.Therealreasontolandmenonthemoonis________________________________________________________________________.7.ForscientistsonEarth,themostpossiblehometolifeis________________________________________________________________________.8.LifescientistshopetofindonMarsis________________________________________________________________________.9.StarsotherthanourSunhaveplanets,someofwhichareconducivetolife.Buttheprospectsaren’tgreat.Why?________________________________________________________________________.10.Whatcanwedoinordertofindlifeinspace?________________________________________________________________________.3ShortAnswerQuestions内容概要：本文说明了积极动脑进行思考在认知方面对人的好处，指出经常参与脑力劳动有S1.【答案】Whypeopleshouldkeepmentallyactive.S2.【答案】Incognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.S3.【答案】Peoplewhohaveactivemind.(Peoplewhothinkaboutthingsactively.)【详细解答】从文章第二段得知，经常接受各种信息并积极动脑思考的人在认知的发展S4.【答案】Bytakingpartinvariousmentalactivities.(Bychallengingtheirbrainswithvariousmentalactivities.)S5.【答案】Theyshouldkeepmentallyactiveaswellasphysicallyactive.【详细解答】由最后一段中“Cohensaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell”这句话可知问题的答案。6.toshowsuperiorityoverothernationsduringthecoldwar.根据第二段第二句。Havesth.todowithsth.与…有关lessthan比…少。此题关键是短语lessthan.7.Mars答题关键：不要将原文中anotherpossiblehometolife…和题干的themostpossiblehometolife…混淆。8.Microscopicformsoflife根据第三段第一句。注意短语not…butrather不是…而是。9．Lifemighthavebeenextinctorhasn’tcomeintoexistence.第四段指出：你也许会说：“有那么多横行，有些还带有行星，那么肯定某些行星上有生命。”不过，即使这是真的，这些生命可能发生在几百万年前或几百万年后。言外之意，声明或已消失或没形成。Beconduciveto有助于…促成的；prospects机会，期望。10．Tosearchforsignalscreatedartificiallyfromspace.根据最后一段。