高中数学词汇中英文对照

一、代数部分(Algebra)1.数学运算equal,isequalto等于equivalentto等价于isgreaterthan大于islesserthan小于isequalorgreaterthan大于等于isequalorlesserthan小于等于operator运算符add,plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除augend,summand被加数addend加数minuend被减数subtrahend减数remainder差multiplicand,faciend被乘数multiplicator乘数product积dividend被除数divisor除数quotient商remainder余数divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除divisor因子，除数dividend被除数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号factorial阶乘logarithm对数exponent指数，幂power乘方square二次方，平方cube三次方，立方thepowerofn,thenthpowern次方evolution,extraction开方squareroot二次方根，平方根cuberoot三次方根，立方根therootofn,thenthrootn次方根2.数字digit数字number数naturalnumber自然数integer/wholenumber整数positivenumber正数negativenumber负数positivewholenumber正整数negativewholenumber负整数consecutivenumber连续整数oddinteger,oddnumber奇数eveninteger,evennumber偶数realnumber实数rationalnumber有理数irrationalnumber无理数consecutive连续数inverse/reciprocal倒数compositenumber合数primenumber质数commondivisor公约数multiple倍数(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子commonfactor公因子nonnegative非负的units个位tens十位ordinary/decimalscale十进制binarysystem二进制hexadecimalsystem十六进制weight,significance权carry进位truncation截尾roundto/tothenearest四舍五入rounddown下舍入roundup上舍入significantdigit有效数字insignificantdigit无效数字3.分数和小数decimal小数decimalpoint小数点fraction分数numerator分子denominator分母properfraction真分数improperfraction假分数commonfraction普通分数mixednumber带分数simplefraction简分数complexfraction繁分数(least)commondenominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction纯小数infinitedecimal无穷小数recurringdecimal循环小数places位（thousands’place，hundreds’place，tens’place，units’place(ones’digit)，tenths’place，hundredths’place，thousandths’place.）4.集合与函数aggregate集合element元素void空集subset子集union并集intersection交集complement补集propersubset真子集solutionset解集mapping映射function函数domain,fieldofdefinition定义域range值域constant常量variable变量monotonicity单调性parity奇偶性periodicity周期性image图象5.代数式、方程和不等式formula,formulae(pl.)公式monomial单项式polynomial,multinomial多项式coefficient系数equation等式，方程式unknown,x-factory-factor,z-factor未知数simpleequation一次方程quadraticequation二次方程cubicequation三次方程quarticequation四次方程inequation,inequality不等式algebraicterm代数项liketerms,similarterms同类项literalcoefficient字母系数numericalcoefficient数字系数range值域factorization因式分解originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程，等价方程linearequation线性方程triangleinequality三角不等式6.逻辑axiom公理theorem定理calculation计算operation运算prove证明hypothesis,hypotheses（pl.）假设proposition命题arithmetic算术7.概率与统计approximate近似estimation估计，近似mean均值mode众数median中数variance方差standarderror标准偏差standardvariation标准方差standarddeviation标准差statistics统计average平均数weightedaverage加权平均数proportion比例percent百分比percentage百分点percentile百分位数permutation排列combination组合probability概率distribution分布normaldistribution正态分布abnormaldistribution非正态分布graph图表bargraph条形统计histogram柱形统计图brokenlinegraph折线统计图curvediagram曲线统计图piediagram扇形统计图8.三角函数trigonometry三角sine正弦cosine余弦tangent正切cotangent余切secant正割cosecant余割arcsine反正弦arccosine反余弦arctangent反正切arccotangent反余切arcsecant反正割arccosecant反余割phase相位period周期amplitude振幅9.数列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列10.微积分与线性代数series数列，级数calculus微积分differential微分derivative导数limit极限infinite无穷大infinitesimal无穷小integral积分definiteintegral定积分indefiniteintegral不定积分rationalnumber有理数irrationalnumber无理数realnumber实数imaginarynumber虚数complexnumber复数matrix矩阵determinant行列式11.其他directproportion正比indirectproportion反比proportion比例ratio比值arithmeticmean算术平均值geometricmean几何平均数weightedaverage加权平均值exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数，底边powers幂cube立方数，立方体squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用对数constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementaryfunction余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue绝对值approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函数unit单位,位二、几何部分(Geometry)1.基本术语point点line线plane面solid体space空间segment线段radial射线circumference,perimeter周长surfacearea表面积volume体积line,straightline直线linesegment线段midpoint中点endpoint端点parallel平行intersect相交perpendicular垂直edge边，棱vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点length长width宽altitude高depth深度side边长tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距congruent全等的similar相似2.平面图形quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形hendecagon十一边形dodecagon十二边形polygon多边形multilateral多边的equilateral/regularpolygon正多边形parallelogram平行四边形square正方形rectangle矩形rhombus,diamond菱形trapezoid梯形righttrapezoid直角梯形isoscelestrapezoid等腰梯形3.角angle角degree角度radian弧度acuteangle锐角rightangle直角obtuseangle钝角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夹角adjacentangle邻角interiorangle内角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangle补角complementaryangle余角alternateangle内错角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle对顶角centralangle圆心角anglebisector角平分线bisect平分diagonal对角线4.三角形triangle三角形righttriangle直角三角形acutetriangle锐角三角形obtusetriangle钝角三角形oblique斜三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角形incenter内心excenter外心escenter旁心orthocenter垂心barycenter重心inscribedtriangle内接三角形hypotenuse斜边leg直角边opposite直角三角形中的对边arm直角三角形的股medianofatriangle中线includedside夹边altitude(三角形的)高base底边，底数Pythagoreantheorem勾股定理5.圆cir