E英语教程4-Unit-4

ListeningandspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCultureexpressContentPronunciationandlisteningskillsConversationsPassageListeningandspeakingListeningforcauseandeffectListentoapassageandmatcheachcausewithitsdirecteffect.Tips在听涉及因果逻辑关系的听力材料时，可以通过区分表示原因和结果的表达来理解其前后文的因果关系。常用的表示原因的表达有because,for,since,becauseof,asaresultof等。常见的表示结果的表达有so,asaresult,leadto等。ListeningforcauseandeffectListentoapassageandmatcheachcausewithitsdirecteffect.CauseEffectTheyhardlygotosleepbefore11:00p.m.Theyareshortofsleep.Theymightfallasleepinclassorwhiledoingtheirhomework.Manystudentscannotgetenoughsleep.Studentshaveheavyworkloads,poorstudyhabits,orlongcommutingtime.Manystudentshaveeitheratelephoneoracomputerintheirbedroom.ListeningforcauseandeffectScriptsArecentsurveyinBeijingshowsthatmanymiddleschoolstudentssufferfromalackofsleep.Scientistssuggestthatjuniorhighschoolstudentsshouldsleepatleastninehoursadayandseniorhighschoolstudentsnolessthaneighthours.However,manystudentscannotgetenoughsleep.Therefore,theymightfallasleepinclassorwhiledoingtheirhomework.Soitisnotsurprisingthattheygetlowergradesthanthosewhogetenoughsleep.Manystudentsareshortofsleepbecausetheyhaveheavyworkloads,poorstudyhabits,orlongcommutingtime,accordingtoanexpert.Also,manystudentshaveeitheratelephoneoracomputerintheirbedroom.Asaresult,theyhardlygotosleepbefore11:00p.m.,buttheyhavetogetupearlytogotoschool.Tips因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果外，隐性因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。Listeningforcauseandeffect1.表示显性因果的词或词组：A.因：because,becauseof,for,as,since,inthat,onaccountof,with等B.果：so,sothat,therefore,thereby,asaresult,hence,thus,consequently,accordingly等Listeningforcauseandeffect2.表示隐性因果的词或词组：A.由······而来（果——因）：resultfrom,derivefrom,originatefrom,initiatefrom,stemfrom,beattributableto等B.导致（因——果）：cause,leadto,giveriseto,resultin,render,make,let,push,stimulate,fuel,produce等TipsConversationsConversation1Conversation2FunctionallanguageExercisesExercisesFunctionallanguageTosmoke.Tositnexttothewoman.1.Listentoaconversationandcheckthethingsthemanwantstodo.Wordtipsmindv.介意outofcharge没电的✔✔Conversation1–Askingfor/refusing/givingpermissionToopenthewindow.Toputonhiscoat.✘✘Tousethewoman’sphone.✘2.Listenagainandcompletethefollowingsentenceswithwhatyouhear.Payattentiontothefunctionoftheseexpressions.Conversation1–Askingfor/refusing/givingpermission1.Hello,_____________ifIsitnexttoyou?2.Thanks.Oh,it’sabitcoldhere._____________ifIclosethewindow?doyoumindIsitallright3.I’dratheryoudidn’t.Ihavealittleheadacheandthefreshairhelps._________________putonyourcoatifyoufeelcold?Couldyouplease4.Oh,sir,Ineedtomakeaphonecall,butmyphoneisoutofcharge._________________ifIuseyours?IsitOKwithyouScriptsConversation1–Askingfor/refusing/givingpermissionMan:Hello,doyoumindifIsitnexttoyou?Woman:No,sir,youcansithere.Man:Thanks.Oh,it’sabitcoldhere.IsitallrightifIclosethewindow?Woman:I’dratheryoudidn’t.Ihavealittleheadacheandthefreshairhelps.Couldyoupleaseputonyourcoatifyoufeelcold?Man:Allright!Well,wouldyoumindifIsmoke?Woman:I’msorry,sir,pleasedon’t.Smokingmakesmecough.Andthesignsays“NoSmoking.”Man:OK.Thanksforremindingme.Woman:Oh,sir,Ineedtomakeaphonecall,butmyphoneisoutofcharge.IsitOKwithyouifIuseyours?Man:Sure.Hereyouare.Woman:Thankyouverymuch,sir.3.Role-playaconversationinpairsaccordingtooneofthefollowingsituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionalLanguage.Situation1AwantstocycletoTibetduringthesummerholiday.He/Sheasksforhis/herparents’permission.Situation2Awantstotakepartinadancingshow.He/Sheasksforhis/herparents’permission.(Sample)(Sample)Conversation1–Askingfor/refusing/givingpermissionGUIDEDCONVERSATIONA:AskforB’spermissiontocycletoTibet/takepartinadancingshow.B:AskwhyAwantstodoit.A:Giveyourreasons.B:RefuseA’srequest.A:TrytopersuadeB.B:RejectA’sideas.Roleplay-SampleconversationSituation1Conversation1–Askingfor/refusing/givingpermissionSon:Mom,mayIcycletoTibetwithmyfriendsthissummer?Mother:GotoTibetbybike?Whydoyouhavesuchacrazyidea?Son:I’msoattractedbythatplace.Travelingbybikecanmakemefullyenjoythebeautifulscenery.ItisboundtodomegoodbecauseIcanbuildmycharacterthroughchallengingmyself.Mother:I’msorry,butyoucan’t.Itisnotaseasyaswhatyou’vethought.Itistoofarfromhomeandtoodangerous.Son:Please,Mom.IpromisethatIwilltakegoodcareofmyself.Moreover,ifIfindthatIcan’tmakeit,Iwillcomebackbytrainrightaway.Mother:No,pleasedon't.Iwon’tletyoudoit.Roleplay-SampleconversationSituation2Conversation1–Askingfor/refusing/givingpermissionDaughter:Mom,isitallrightifItakepartinadancingshownextweek?Mother:Whatmakesyoudecidetotakepartinit?Daughter:Ithinkitmaybeagoodwayformetodemonstratemydancingskillsinfrontofthepublic.Mother:Sorry,youcan’ttakepartinthedancingshowthistime.Remember,youaregoingtohaveaveryimportantexamnextmonth.Youreallyneedtofocusonthepreparation.Daughter:Ihavebeendoingthepreparationforquiteawhile.I’msurethatthedancingshowwon’taffecttheexam.Besides,itcanhelpmerefreshmymind.Mother:Ihatetoletyoudown,honey,butit’sjustnotagoodtiming.I’dratheryoudidn’t.FunctionalLanguageAskingforpermissionRefusingMay/Can/CouldI…?Do/Wouldyoumindif…?Isitallrightif…?IsitOKwithyouif…?Co