Word+Formation

Grammar构词法(WordFormation)Flamingo2018.6.13Aims1.tolearnsomemethodsofword-formation;2.topracticeusingthemethodofword-formation,mainlyfocusonderivation.Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhilereading,whatwillyoudo?•It’snotalwaysnecessarytounderstandthemeaningofeveryword,justgoonreading!•Guessthemeaning!Whenwedealwiththeproblemsinreadingcomprehension,wecanuseWordFormationtohelpus,butthecontext(上下文，语境)isalsoveryimportant.1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwasspeechless.3.Abad-lookingpickpocketstolemywallet根据构词法猜词首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。dis+honest不诚实的speech+less说不出话的pick+pocket扒手构词法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)转化法（Conversion）缩略法（Abbreviation）space+shipspaceshipvisitv.visitn.ableunable;teachteacherDoityourself.DIY合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝＋＝color-blind＋＝sleep-walksleep-walker合成法（Compounding）mankindwaiting-roomkind-hearted把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。一.合成名词请猜测词义dragonfly;蜻蜓词义standpoint;立场deadline截止日期output输出,生产量;产品二.合成动词whitewash用石灰水把...刷白梦游sleepwalk;三.合成形容词勤奋努力的ever-lasting永久的hard-workingheartfelt由衷的homemade国产的四.合成副词whatever无论怎样downstairs在楼下;往楼下1)Thefirelastedabout4hoursbeforethe________couldcontrolit.2)Atschoolsheformedaclose_________withseveralothergirls.3)Theydecidetospendtheirholidayatthe_______.4)Heputonahatand________beforehewentout.5)Theyoftenperforminthestreetsforthe_________.6)I’msureyouwillbe__________soon.passers-bywell-knownfirefightersfriendshipseasideovercoat1.Makecompoundwordsafterthemodels.A:passer,well,sea,fire,over,friend,B:by,known,side,fighter,coat,ship,Model:part+time=part-time2.Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Nevertroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.转化法（Conversion）tastev.尝起来n.味道Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.handn.手v.递送wrongadj.错误的n.错的事Wealwayswalkhandinhand.Pleasehandmethebook.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.cleanadj.干净v.清扫Pleasekeeptidyandclean.Youhavetocleantheblackboardafterclass.1.JimdreamsofbeingthebestfootballplayerinEngland.2.Pleasestophere,anditisthebusstop3.Thecoachwasquestioningtheteammembersabouttheirpracticeconditions4.Who’sguardingthatbuilding?5.Thecarsloweddowntohalfitsspeed6.Don’tusetoocoldwatertowaterflowers7.Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.•请标出下列单词的词性!派生法（Derivation）由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词。加前缀：happy---___happy加后缀：develop---develop_______既加前缀又加后缀：employ---___employ_______unmentunment派生词（derivation）派生法Derivation派生法前缀后缀否定前缀其他前缀名词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀动词后缀否定前缀其他前缀派生词注意:前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化Derivation常见否定前缀(1)dis-:(2)in-(il-,im-,ir-):(3)un-:(4)non-:(5)mis-:dislike,disappearindependent,illegalimpossible,irregularunhappy,unfinishednonverbal,nonsmokermisunderstand,mislead其它常见前缀1.over-,super-,under-:（表程度）2.fore-,trans-,inter-,tele-,（表位置）3.re-,post-,pre-:（表次序、时间）4.bi-,tri-,multi-,semi-:（表数量）5.a-,en-:（转化词类）overweight,supermarket,underestimateforehead,transplant,international,telephonerebuild,post-war,pre-readingbicycle,triangle,multimedia,semicircleasleependanger名词后缀（表人）1.-er,-or:2.-ee:3.-er:4.-ess:5.-ist:6.-an:7.-ese:8.-ian:teacher,actor,employer,employee,intervieweehostess,waitressteenager,reminderscientist,artistAmerican,AustralianChinese,Japanesemusician,Asian,RussianDerivation常见后缀其它名词后缀1.-ery,-ry:2.-ism:3.-tion,-ation:4.-ity,-ness:5.-ment:6.-ship:7.-al:8.-th:discovery,braverysocialism,tourisminvention,eduationorganization,invitationactivity,kindnessmovement,developmentfriendship,scholarshiparrival,survivaltruth,warmth形容词后缀1.-ed:2.-ing:3.-ful：4.-less:5.-y:6.-able,-ive:7.-al,-ial,-ical:8.-ly:9.-ish:10.-ous:interested,excitedsurprising,movingcareful,helpfulcareless,hopelessrainy,sunnycomfortable,activenational,official,physicaldaily,friendlySpanish,childish,foolishdangerous,mountainous动词后缀1.-en:2.-ify:3.-ize:weaken,strengthenbeautify,simplifyrealize,memorize副词后缀-ly:calmly,badlycarefully,peacefullypossibly,probably数词后缀-teen,-ty,-ththirteen,sixty,seventh派生法（Derivation）un-否定前缀dis-in-im-mis-non-understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisibleMatchtheprefixwiththeroottoformanewword.trans--graphtele-super-co-vis-bio-sub--port-carryseebelowlifetogether/withmorethanusualfaracrosswritingMatchtheprefixorsuffixwiththemeaning.Guessthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords1.Manycountriesimportmostoftheoiltheyuse.2.Hestudiedbiophysicsatcollege.3.Itisveryimportanttolearnhowtocooperatewithothers.4.Allyourluggagewillbetransportedtothedestinationbytrain.5.Mycousinhasanexcellentvoice.Herdreamistobecomeasuperstar.进口生命物理学合作运输明星Practice2.Writeouttheoriginalwords.unchangeableadj._______dislikev.__________impossibilityn._________unfriendlyadj.__________overworkv.______________misunderstandingn.____________athleticadj.______________misreadv.________translatorn._____________changelikepossiblefriendworkunderstandathletereadtranslate3.给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或im-,构成意思相反的词。1.agree_______2.complete_________3.healthy_________4.important________5.able_______6.cover_________7.known_______8.practical__________9.tidy_______10.perfect_________11.visible_______12.fit_______disagreeincompleteunhealthyunimportantunabled