您好,欢迎访问三七文档
WOFOST小结仅作参考,理解不对之处,请指正!1WOFOST小结1ABriefIntroductionWOFOST(WOrldFOodSTudies)isasimulationmodelforthequantitativeanalysisofthegrowthandproductionofannualfieldcrops.Itisamechanisticmodelthatexplainscropgrowthonthebasisoftheunderlyingprocesses,suchasphotosynthesis,respirationandhowtheseprocessesareinfluencedbyenvironmentalconditions.WithWOFOST,youcancalculateattainablecropproduction,biomass,wateruse,etc.foralocationgivenknowledgeaboutsoiltype,croptype,weatherdataandcropmanagementfactors(e.g.sowingdate).WOFOSThasbeenusedbymanyresearchersovertheWorldandhasbeenappliedformanycropsoveralargerangeofclimaticandmanagementconditions.Moreover,WOFOSTisimplementedintheCropGrowthMonitoringSystem(CGMS)whichisusedoperationallytomonitorarablecropsinEuropeandtomakecropyieldforecastsforthecurrentgrowingseason.WOFOSToriginatedintheframeworkofinterdisciplinarystudiesonworldfoodsecurityandonthepotentialworldfoodproductionbytheCenterforWorldFoodStudies(CWFS)incooperationwiththeWageningenAgriculturalUniversity,DepartmentofTheoreticalProductionEcology(WAU-TPE)andtheDLO-CenterforAgrobiologicalResearchandSoilFertility(AB-DLO),Wageningen,theNetherlands.AftercessationofCWFSin1988,theDLOWinandStaringCentre(SC-DLO)hascontinueddevelopmentofthemodelinco-operationwithAB-DLOandWAU-TPE.2TheoreticalbackgroundofWOFOSTWOFOSTisadynamic,explanatory(deterministic,process)model.Nevertheless,somepartsofthemodelaredescriptive(statistical,stochastic)and/orstatic.WOFOST小结仅作参考,理解不对之处,请指正!22.1Assimilationandrespiration(光合与呼吸)2.2Phenologicaldevelopment(作物物候)作物发育速度在很大程度上决定于温度和日长,在WOFOST模型中,生物物WOFOST小结仅作参考,理解不对之处,请指正!3候学是通过无因次状态变量发育阶段D来描述的。对于大多数一年生作物来说,我们假定出苗时期的D值为0,开花期为1,成熟期为2.其中,温度对作物发育阶段的影响,可以用如下方程进行计算:erepTD=T,其中:eT代表每天作物生长的有效积温,repT代表营养生长和生殖生长分别所需的积温总和。2.3Transpiration(蒸腾作用)2.4Waterbalanceofthesoil(土壤水平衡)【理解】植物代谢水=土壤供应水-土壤流失水=(R+SS+SR+CR)-(E+T+PC)2.5Nutrients(营养)3.RequiredexperimentaldataforWOFOSTcalibration3.1IntroductionPotentialproduction:Cropgrowthisdeterminedbyirradiation,temperatureandplantcharacteristicsonly.AtmosphericCO2-concentrationisassumedtobeconstant.Allotherfactorsareassumedtobeinamplesupply.Attainable(Limited)production:Inadditiontoirradiation,temperatureandplantcharacteristics,theeffectoftheavailabilityofwaterandplantnutrientsisconsidered.Ifthesupplyofwaterornutrientsissub-optimalduring(partsof)thegrowingseason,thisleadstowater-and/ornutrient-limitedproduction,whichisWOFOST小结仅作参考,理解不对之处,请指正!4normallylowerthanpotentialproduction.Thisholdsforbiomassproduction.Waterlimitedyieldmaybehigherthanpotentialyieldbecauseofmorefavorableharvestindex.Actual(Reduced)production:Atthislevel,thepossiblereductionincropyieldbymostlybioticfactorslikeweeds,pestsanddiseasesistakenintoaccount.3.2CropdataInitial:(1)weightofseedorplantingmaterial(2)sowingdesity(3)sowing/plantingdateDuration:(1)phenologicaldevelopmentordatesofsowing,emergence,anthesisandmaturity(2)leafareaindexorlightinterception(3)plantdensityFinalharvest:(1)totalbiomass(2)distributionofbiomassoverplantorgans(3)livinganddeadleafweight(4)cropcompositionatfinalharvestOthercropinfo.(1)leafdamage(2)yieldlossesbypestanddiseaseinfestationand/weedcompetition(3)yieldlossesbynutrientshortage3.3SoildataInitial:(1)soilphysicalcharacteristics(pF-curve土壤水分特征曲线orsoilmoisturecontentsatfieldcapacity田间含水量andwiltingpoint凋萎点andsoilporosity土壤孔隙)(2)soil-limitedrootabledepth(3)possibly,hydraulicconductivity导水率(4)forpaddyrice,surfacewaterstorageDuration:(1)soilmoisturecontentinrootedsoil(2)groundwaterlevelSpecialsoilandlandscapecharacteristics(暂不考虑)(1)hydrology(2)salinity盐(3)sodicity碱(4)specialsoillayersorstructure(5)slopeanddegreeofsurfacerunoff3.4WeatherinformationWOFOST小结仅作参考,理解不对之处,请指正!5(1)minimumtemperature(oC)(2)maximumtemperature(oC)(3)dailyglobalirradiation(kJ·m-2·d-1)(4)precipitation(mm·d-1)(5)meanwindspeedat2mabovegroundlevel(m·s-1)(6)vapourpressure(earlymorning,kpa)3.5Otheradditionalinformation(1)Appliedinorganicfertiliser,animalandgreenmanure绿肥(2)Cropmanagementandprotection(3)Croprotation作物轮作(4)Irrigationmethodandamountofappliedirrigationwater(5)Soiltillagemethod(6)Drainagesystem4参数输入与调整4.1作物参数与调整18各参数,11个需调参,7个默认:TSUMENTSUM1TSUM2RGRLAI(最大叶面积增长量)TDWISLATBSPANKDIFTB(散射光消光系数)EFFTB(单叶光利用效率)AMAXTBCLVCVSCVOCVRRMLRMORMRRMS【注】红色字体的为需要调整的参数;黑色字体的为默认的参数。下同。4.2水分限制下的作物和土壤参数与调整11各参数,8个需调参,3个默认:SMTAB(土壤含水量)SMW(凋萎系数)SMFCF(田间持水量)SMO(土壤饱和含水量)CRAIRC(土壤通气临界空气含量)CONTAB(土壤导水率)KO(饱和土壤导水率)SOPE(根层最大入渗速率)KSUB(根层以下土壤最大入渗速率)RDI(初始扎根深度)RDM(最大扎根深度)4.3气象参数与调整(Excel中运算,具体不清楚之处,请教李贺丽)日最低气温(℃):MIN(0时:23时)WOFOST小结仅作参考,理解不对之处,请指正!6日最高气温(℃):MAX(0时:23时)太阳辐射强度(kJ/m2·d):日总辐射量=RS3600/1000白天,其中,RS为每时总辐射平均(单位:W/m2),1小时为3600s。水汽压(kPa):每日早晨8时的水汽压作为早晨的水汽压。8时的水汽压公式:17.278273.388a=0.611100TTRHee,其中ea为实际水汽压(kPa),RH8为每日8时的相对湿度(%),8T为每日8时温度。平均风速(m/s):每日四个时间的定时数据02、08、14、20时的风速的和WOFOST小结仅作参考,理解不对之处,请指正!7/4(来自中国气象论坛),而由于我们已有一天24个小时的风速,所以可以更精确的用24个小时的平均得出。降水量(mm/d):日降水量=24H每时降水量WOFOST小结仅作参考,理解不对之处,请指正!85WOFOST7.1.2软件介绍【注:文中数字对应图中数字】5.1开始界面(General)1选择输出的产量模拟模型:Potentialcropgrowth、water-limit
本文标题:WOFOST小结
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-5319066 .html