动词不定式,动名词在句中充当的成分.

本节课讲述动词不定式，动名词1.主语TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.当主语表达动作时，我们须将动词变性。既能表达出动词的意思，还又不能再是动词的词性。因此英语中出现动词不定式与动名词的用法。动词不定式强调：目的，将要动名词强调：状态，陈述事实，结果动词不定式作主语的重点句型Itis+adj+（forsb）todosth（ofsb）todosth遇到你真高兴：Itisveryhappytomeetyou.真正的主语是：todosthTomeetyouisveryhappy.it只是形式主语保持句子平衡。再看一些例句：a.Itisn’trighttosayso.b.Itiswrongtogiveupthechance.c.Itisn’taneasythingtomasterEnglish.d.Ittookusayeartocompletethisproject.e.Itcostyou10yuantopostabook.注意：当给你一个动词不定式，说”某某做某事…..“，这时必然产生一个动词不定式的复合结构，即：itis+adj+for/ofsbtodosth.用for还是用of要看前面的形容词，若形容词是形容人的品质，特征的，就要用of,例如kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,considerate,rude,naughty,impolite..而别的adj时，则用for.例如：1.Itiswrongofyoutosayso.2.Itisimportantforyoutosayso.用of,还是for还可以这么判断：1句说成youarewrong，是合理的。“你是错的”与句子想表达的意思相符。2句说成youareimportant，不合理。“你是重要的”。这与本句想表达的“你这么说是重要的”不相符。继续看Itis+adj+todosth的句型----动词不定式做主语：Itisn’trighttosayso.Ittookusayeartocompletethisproject.todosth是句子中的真正主语，并且say,complete后面还都有自己的宾语。因此动词不定式内部保持了“动宾关系”。而且是必须保持动宾关系：Itiscomfortabletoliveintheroom.→Theroomiscomfortabletolivein.动名词做主语：动名词做主语在下列常见句型中：Itisnousedoingsth.做……没有好处/用处Itisnogooddoingsth.做某事无益/无用Itisnoharmdoingsth.做……并无害处Itisawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.若给你一个动名词，然后说“某某做某事”，这时会产生一个“动名词复合结构”，即：one’sdoingsth.(one’s为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格)Itisnousesayingso.Itisnouseyour/Tom’ssayingso.动名词做表语动名词做表语表陈述事实：试比较Myjobisteaching.Myjobistoprotectyou.Iamtogoshopping.做表语的肯定不能是动词，因此。涉及保留动词意思，但需改变动词词性的方法，即doing或todo.前者侧重事实陈述，后者侧重目的和将要动词不定式做宾语1.动词不定式做动词的宾语2.动词不定式做介词的宾语A．以下动词只能接动词不定式做宾语：agree,decide,expect,hope,long,manage,want,plan,pretend,wish,wouldlike,seem,happen,learn,promise,usedto,taketrouble(不辞辛劳)，setout,makeupone’smind,fail,arrange,hurry,prepare,mean(打算)B.以下动词既可接不定式做宾语，又可接动名词做宾语，注意意思上的区别：rememberforgetregretlikestopmeanpreferhatecontinueremembertodosth记得去做某事rememberdoingsth记得做过某事forgettodosth忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth忘记做过/做了而又忘了regrettodosth很遗憾要去做某事Iregrettotellyouabadnews我很遗憾要告诉你一个regretdoingsth后悔做了Iregrethavingsaidthat.meantodo打算想做某事.meandoing意味着动名词充当宾语：A.以下动词只能用动名词作宾语：can’thelp,can’tstand,feellike,giveup,putoff,admit,advise,avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,escape,finish,forbid,imagine,practice,risk,suggest,bear,stand….keepdoingsthkeepondoingsthconsiderdoing考虑做某事considertobe认为tobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone动名词做介词的宾语：prep+doing介词后面加动词-ing形式句型：havedifficulty/trouble/problem/fun/pleasure/agoodtime/ahardtime/indoingsth但是taketroubletodosth费心费劲做某事be/getusedtodoingsth习惯做某事devoteto/stickto/leadto/getdownto/lookforwardto+doingsthThankyouforthetrouble_______.A.youhavemadetohelpmeB.youhavehadtohelpmeC.youhavetakentohelpmeD.youhavepaidtohelpmeTheworkerandtheartist,who_____inthetown_____wanttomovetovillage.A.wasusedtoliving,don’tB.wereusedtoliving,doesn’tC.usedtolive,don’tD.usedtolive,doesn’t动词不定式做定语动词不定式可以跟在名词后面做定语。例如：Ihavenothing(tosay).Ihavenothing(towrite).Findmearoom(tolivein).Findmearoominwhichtolive.Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.Givemeapieceofpaperonwhichtowrite.Heisamantodependon.Heisamanonwhomtodepend.注意：当动词不定式作定语的时候，它和所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，即”做某事“，因此要用主动形式表被动动词不定式做定语，常跟在下面这些名词词后面，起到定语修饰这些名词的作用：A.effortfailurepromisedesireB.way,pleasure,plan,time,chance,powerC.idea,method,habit,purposeA组名词，后面如果有动词做定语，要用动词不定式B组名词，后面如果有动词做定语，要用动词不定式或ofdoingsth形式C组名词，后面如果有动词做定语，要将动词使用ofdoingsth的形式Pleasemakeaneffort________.A.ofarrivingearlyB.inarrivingearlyC.toarriveearlyD.earlytoarriveHiseffort___thecollegemadehimquitehappy.A.toenterB.inenteringC.toentertoD.toenterforE.enteringF.ofenteringTellmetheeffort_______.A.youhavepaidforhelpingmeB.youhavetakentohelpmeC.youhavemadetohelpmeD.youhavespenttohelpmeThechancewearelookingforward________hascomehere.A.tospeakingEnglishB.totospeakEnglishC.toofspeakingEnglishD.ofspeakingEnglishE.tospeakEnglish2---Whyaren’tyouhappy?---Idon’tliketheidea________.A.ingettingupearlyB.ofgettingupearlyC.forgettingupearlyD.togetupearly3.Lilyhasahabitofaskingquestions,A.Butthennottolistentotheanswers.B.Butthennotlistentotheanswers.C.Andthennotlisteningtotheanswers.D.Andthendoesn’tlistentotheanswers.动名词做定语，与现在分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语，表功能，用途asleepingcar→acarforsleepingaswimmingpool→apoolforswimmingwalkingstick---stickforwalking现在分词做定语，表示被修饰名词本身的动作、行为，它和名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。acryingboyasleepingchildworkingpeopleaswimmingboy动词不定式做状语：动名词不能做状语，做状语的是现在分词。todo做状语：1.表目的soastodosthinordertodosthtodosthonpurposetodosthwiththepurposeofdoingsthsothatcan主句+inorderthat+主语+could+Vsoasthatwouldmay目的状语从句mightshouldnotShestudiesveryhardsothathecangotocollege.→Shestudiesveryhardtogotocollege.inordertogotocollege.soastogotocollege.withthepurposeofgoingtocollege.onpurposetogotocollege.TheteacherspokeveryslowlyinorderthatalltheSscouldfollowhim.→将此句变为简单句：答案：inordertobefollowedbyalltheSs.inorderforalltheSstofollowhim.soastobefollowedbyalltheSs.soasforallthestudentstofollowhim.tobefollowedbyalltheSs.forallthestudentstofollowhim.onpurposetobefollowedbyalltheSs.onpurposeforalltheSstofollowhim.withthepurposeofallthestudents’followinghim.Wegotupearlysoasthatweshouldnotmissthebus.---将此句改为简单句，即：用动词不定式引导目的状语从句Keys:inordernottomissthebus.soasnottomissthebus.nottomissthebus.withth