中国与非洲的经贸合作-政府白皮书中英文版

ContentsForwardI.PromotingBalancedDevelopmentofTradeII.ExpandingMutualInvestmentFieldsIII.AttachingImportancetoInfrastructureConstructionIV.StrengtheningBuildingofDevelopmentCapacityV.HelpingtoImprovePeople'sLivelihoodVI.BroadeningtheScopeofChina-AfricaCooperationVII.GivingFullPlaytotheGuidanceRoleofFOCACConclusionAppendixIAppendixII目录前言一、促进贸易平衡发展二、拓展相互投资领域三、重视基础设施建设四、加强发展能力建设五、帮助提升民生水准六、拓宽中非合作领域七、发挥中非合作论坛引领作用结束语附录中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室二○一○年十二月北京ForwardChinaisthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld,andAfricaishometothelargestnumberofdevelopingcountries.ThecombinedpopulationofChinaandAfricaaccountsforoverone-thirdoftheworld'stotal.PromotingeconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogressisthecommontaskChinaandAfricaarefacing.中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，非洲是发展中国家最集中的大陆，中国和非洲的人口占世界人口三分之一以上。发展经济和推动社会进步是中国与非洲共同面临的任务。Duringtheiryearsofdevelopment,ChinaandAfricagivefullplaytothecomplementaryadvantagesineachother'sresourcesandeconomicstructures,abidingbytheprinciplesofequality,effectiveness,mutualbenefitandreciprocity,andmutualdevelopment,andkeepenhancingeconomicandtradecooperationtoachievemutualbenefitandprogress.PracticeprovesthatChina-Africaeconomicandtradecooperationservesthecommoninterestsofthetwosides,helpsAfricatoreachtheUNMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,andboostscommonprosperityandprogressforChinaandAfrica.多年来，在发展过程中，中国与非洲充分发挥双方资源条件和经济结构等方面的互补性，按照平等相待、讲求实效、互惠互利、共同发展的原则，不断加强经贸合作，努力实现互利共赢。实践证明，中非经贸合作符合双方共同利益，有助于非洲实现联合国千年发展目标，促进了中非共同繁荣和进步。Inthe1950s,China-AfricaeconomicandtradecooperationcenteredonbilateraltradeandChina'saidtoAfrica.Throughjointeffortsofbothsides,cooperationhasbeendevelopedinever-expandingfieldsandwithincreasinglyrichercontents.EspeciallysincetheForumonChina-AfricaCooperation(FOCAC)wasestablishedin2000,economicandtradecooperationhasbeenfurtherenhancedandrevitalized;trade,investment,infrastructureandcapacitybuildinghavebeenpushedforwardinanall-roundway;andcooperationinfinanceandtourismhasbeengraduallyexpanded,therebyformingamulti-tieredandwide-rangingcooperationpatternonanewhistoricalstartingpoint.２０世纪５０年代，中非经贸合作以贸易和对非援助为主。在双方共同努力下，合作领域不断拓宽，合作内容日益丰富。特别是２０００年中非合作论坛成立后，双方经贸合作进一步加强和活跃，贸易、投资、基础设施、能力建设全面推进，金融、旅游等领域的合作逐步拓展，形成了多层次、宽领域的格局，处在新的历史起点上。China-AfricaeconomicandtradecooperationisamajorcomponentofSouth-Southcooperation,infusesnewlifeintothelatter,andelevatesthepoliticalandeconomicstatusofdevelopingcountriesintheworld,playingasignificantroleinpromotingtheestablishmentofafairandrationalnewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.ChinawouldliketoworkwithothercountriesandinternationalorganizationstoenhanceconsultationandcoordinationwithAfricancountries,participateintheconstructionofAfrica,andjointlypromotepeace,developmentandprogressinAfrica.中非经贸合作是南南合作的重要组成部分，为南南合作注入新的活力，提升了发展中国家在国际政治经济格局中的地位，为推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序发挥着重要作用。中国也愿与其他国家和国际组织一道，加强与非洲国家的磋商与协调，共同参与非洲建设，共同推动非洲的和平、发展与进步。I.PromotingBalancedDevelopmentofTrade一、促进贸易平衡发展TradewastheearliestformofChina-Africaeconomicandtradecooperation.WiththedevelopmentofChina-AfricarelationsandincreasedexchangesbetweenChinaandAfricancountries,thescaleofChina-Africatradehasincreasinglyexpanded.China-AfricabilateraltradevolumewasonlyUS$12.14millionin1950,itrosetoUS$100millionin1960,andexceededUS$1billionin1980.AfterreachingtheUS$10billionmarkin2000,China-Africatradehasmaintainedamomentumofrapidgrowtheversince.In2008,China-AfricabilateraltradevolumeexceededUS$100billion,ofwhichUS$50.8billionisChina'sexportstoAfricaandUS$56billionisimportsfromAfrica.TheaverageannualgrowthrateofChina-Africatradebetween2000and2008reached33.5%,withitsproportioninChina'stotalforeigntradevolumerisingfrom2.2%to4.2%,anditsproportioninAfrica'stotalforeigntradevolumeincreasingfrom3.8%to10.4%.AlthoughChina-AfricatradevolumedroppedtoUS$91.07billionin2009asaresultoftheinternationalfinancialcrisis,ChinabecameAfrica'slargesttradepartnerthatyearforthefirsttime.Astheglobaleconomyrecovered,China-Africatradealsomaintainedafavorablerecoveryanddevelopmentmomentum.FromJanuarytoNovemberin2010,China-AfricatradevolumereachedUS$114.81billion,ayear-on-yeargrowth同比增长of43.5%.贸易是中非经贸合作最初的形式。伴随着中非关系的发展和交往的增多，中非贸易规模日益扩大。１９５０年，中非双边贸易额仅为１２１４万美元，１９６０年达到１亿美元，１９８０年超过１０亿美元。２０００年迈上百亿美元台阶后，中非贸易呈现快速增长势头。２００８年突破了１０００亿美元，其中中国对非洲出口５０８亿美元，自非洲进口５６０亿美元。２０００年至２００８年，中非贸易年均增长率高达３３.５％，占中国对外贸易总额的比重由２.２％升至４.２％，占非洲对外贸易总额的比重由３.８％升至１０.４％。２００９年，虽然受国际金融危机影响，中非贸易额下降到９１０.７亿美元，但中国在当年首次成为非洲第一大贸易伙伴国。随着世界经济复苏，中非贸易呈现良好的恢复发展态势。２０１０年１月至１１月，中非贸易额达１１４８.１亿美元，同比增长４３.５％。Withtheexpansioninthescaleoftrade,theChina-Africatradestructurehasbeengraduallyoptimized,andadvantageousproductshavesuccessivelyenteredeachother'smarket.Duringthe1980sand1990s,China'sexportstoAfricaweremainlylightindustrialproducts,food,chemicalproducts,nativeproduceandanimalby-products.Since2000,theexportofmachinery,automobilesandelectronicitemshasbeendramaticallyincreasing,withproductqualityandtechnologymarkedlyimproved.Currently,theproportionofmachineryandelectronicproductsaccountsformorethanhalfofChina'sexportstoAfrica.Africa'smajorexportproductstoChinausedtobecottonandphosphate,amongotherprimaryproducts.Inrecentyears,steel,