Disaster 自然灾害英文介绍原创

NaturalDisasterEarthquakeVolcanoeruptionTyphoonForestfireTsunamiPlagueEarthquakeHowHarmfulEarthquakeis?20085.12WenchuanEarthquake•magnitude8.0•Morethan69000died•18000disappeared•Directeconomylost:845billion20113.14JapanEarthquake•magnitude9.0•Morethan14,000died•10,000disappeared•Morethan11,000becomehomeless•Nuclearleak(核泄漏)BasicKnowledgeaboutEarthquake•Earthquake：resultofasuddenreleaseofenergyintheEarthCrust(地壳)thatcreatesseismicwaves(地震波).•Measuredbyenergyitreleased,Richtermagnitudescale（里氏地震级）.ScalephenomenonfrequencyUnder3.0Nofeeling1000perday3.0-5.0Felt,buildingshake,nobigdamageMorethan5,0000timesperyear5.0-6.9damagewithin100km2area,somebuildingcollapsed.100timesperyearAbove7.0seriousdamageover1000km2area,lotsofbuildingfalldown1timeperyearTypesofEarthquake•Fault(断层)types:normal,reverse(thrust)andstrike-slip•Depthofearthquakeoccurring:Shallow-focus(lessthan70km)mid-focus(70-300km)deep-focus(300to700km)•Shakingandgroundrupture•Landslidesandavalanches（山体滑坡、雪崩）•Fires•Soilliquefaction（地陷）•Tsunami（海啸）•FloodsEffectsofEarthquakeEarthquakesafetytips•Ifyouareindoors：staythere.Quicklymovetoasafelocationintheroomsuchasunderastrongdesk,astrongtable,oralonganinteriorwall.•Ifyouarecooking：turnoffthestoveandtakecover.•Ifyouareoutdoors：movetoanopenarea•Ifyouaredriving：slowdownsmoothlyandstoponthesideoftheroadThanks！VolcanoeruptionTheWordVolcanoThewordvolcanocomesfromtheRomangodoffire,Vulcan.Structureofvolcano单击此处添加内容TypesofVolcanoes单击此处添加内容单击此处添加标题单击此处添加内容单击此处添加标题单击此处添加内容Below:MountKilauea,HawaiiCinderVolcanoes单击此处添加内容CompositeVolcanoes单击此处添加内容VolcanoHazards单击此处添加内容Volcanobenefits黑曜石、浮石熔岩中的气体嗝火山温泉羊八井地热站VolcanoinChina单击此处添加内容云南腾冲火山国家地质公园长白山天池火山台湾龟山岛火山海南琼北火山Volcanoinuniverse•Question:Whatisthebiggest(shield)volcanoinourSolarSystem?•Answer:OlympusMons(onplanetMars)珠穆朗玛峰和OlympusMons规模比较Volcanoinuniverse珠穆朗玛峰和OlympusMons规模比较THANKYOU!TyphoneTyphoonTheNameofTyphoon•TyphoonisfromGreekwordτύφειν(typhein),meaningtosmoke.•InGreekmythology,typheinisGaia'sson,whichisaMonsterwithonehundredheads.τύφεινDifferentcallsTherearemanycallsof“Typhoon”indifferentplaces.•WesternNorthPacificandSouthChinaSeacalledTyphoon.•WesternAtlantic,Caribbean,GulfofMexicoandtheeasternNorthPacificcalledHurricanes•IndianOceanCyclone.•PhilippinescalledBaguio.•AustralianaboriginescalledthetyphoonWilly-Willy.TheFormofTyphoonSixmainrequirementsfortyphoonformationanddevelopment:•sufficientlywarmseasurfacetemperatures•atmosphericinstability•highhumidityinthelowertomiddlelevelsofthetroposphere•enoughCoriolisforcetodevelopalowpressurecenter•apre-existinglowlevelfocusordisturbance•lowverticalwindshear.PeakMonthesandtheLandingAreaThetyphoonsofChinamostlycomefromthenorthwesternPacificocean.ThelandingtimemostlyfromJulytoNovember.TheearlistonewouldlandinMay,whilethelastoneofenoccursinDecember.ThelandingareaisalmostthroughouttheentirecoastalareaofChina,especillyinSoutheastChina.Guangdongisacoastalregionwiththehighestnumberoftyphoon,followedbyTaiwan,Hainan,FujianandZhejiang.TheDestructionfromTyphoonTheDestructionfromTyphoon•Causewaterloggingandflooding•Trafficgridlock•Inundatedfarmland,grainreductioninproductionorcrops•Destructionofthepowersupplysystem,resultinginpoweroutages•DestructionofurbangreensystemName10typhoonnamespresentedbytheChinese:DragonKing,(Sun)monkey,rabbit,petrels,Aeolus,Poseidon,Rhododendron,electricmother,hippocampus,begonia.龙王、（孙）悟空、玉兔、海燕、风神、海神、杜鹃、电母、海马、海棠Thesenamesshowfewdisastermeanings.Onthecontrast,mostofthenarewithmeaningofcivilizationandpeace,suchasjasmine,rose,pearls,lotus,cloudsandsoon.Whenthetyphoonmakesseriousdamageinsomeareas,thecountryorregioncanpresentanewnameinstead.ForestFireForestFireTypesofforestfiresurfacefire(地表火)canopyfire(林冠火)subsurfacefire(地下火)Factorscoexistinforestfirecombustibles(可燃物)ignitionsources(火源)oxygennaturalman-madeorganicmaterialnotlessthan18%volcaniceruptionlightningfireRelatedfactorsweatherterrains(地形)sunnyslope(阳坡)steephill（陡坡）forestland（林地）hightemperaturecontinuousdroughtstrongwindsRegularityofoutbreakperiodical（周期性）annual（dryyears）seasonal(winter)daily(midday)Influenceandpreventionairenvironmentecologicalsystemsocialstabilitymonitoringtechnologysatelliteremotesensingman’sconsciousnessTsunamiTsunami•Whatis“tsunami”?Thegreatwaves•“tsunami”isaseriesoftravelingoceanwavesofextremelylonglengthgeneratedbyearthquakesoccurringbloworneartheocean,submarinelandslidesanderuptions.Damage•APacific-widetsunamigeneratedbythe1960ChileEarthquake.•TheGreatAlaskanEarthquakeof1964produceddeadlytsunamiwavesinAlaska,OregonandCalifornia.•in1992and1993over2,000peoplewerekilledbytsunamisoccurringinNicaragua,IndonesiaandJapan.•2004IndianOceantsunamithe,killingaround230,000people.WhatCauseTsunamis?•earthquakes•submarinelandslides•submarinevolcaniceruptions•alargemeteorite（陨石）impactintheocean•underwatervolcaniceruptionandlandslidesTsunamiWarningCenters•TheAlaskaTsunamiWarningCenter(ATWC)inPalmer,Alaska.•ThePacificTsunamiWarningCenter(PTWC)inEwaBeach,Hawaii.•ThePacificTsunamiWarningSystem(PTWS).•OtherNationaltsunamiwarningcen