Unit--2-culture-diversity

Unit2CulturalDiversityRightattitudeinthisglobalvillageAppreciatesimilarities,AcceptdifferencesWearealike,wearedifferentWarm-up:Readthefollowingsayingsaloud,andthinkitover:whatdotheymeantoyou?Humanbeingsdrawclosetooneanotherbytheircommonnature,buthabitsandcustomskeepthemapart.----Confuciansaying性相近，习相远--论语Godgavetoeverypeopleacup,cupofclay,andfromthiscuptheydranklife…Theyalldippedinthewater,buttheircupsweredifferent.----R.Benedict上帝给了每个人一个杯子、一杯粘土，并且人们从这个杯子里面啜饮人生...他们都是浸在水里面的，只是他们的杯子不一样而已.----本尼迪克特JokeappreciationforculturaldiversityAyounglady’sminiskirtwasaccidentallytornopenbyayoungman.Pleasedecidewheretheycomefromaccordingtotheirresponsestothisincident.Jokeappreciationforculturaldiversity1.Beforethemansayingsorry,thewomanboweddownandsaidinatendervoice:sorry,itisallmyfault.Itisallthebadqualityofmyskirt.IamsorryforthetroubleIhavebroughttoyou.JapanOver-courtesyandmale-dominatedJokeappreciationforculturaldiversity2.Beforethemansayingsorry,thewomangavehimaname-cardandsaid:“Thisismylawyer’sphonenumber.Hewilltalkwithyouaboutyoursexharassment.Seeyouinthecourt.”AmericaAplacewherelawtalks!Jokeappreciationforculturaldiversity3.Beforethemansayingsorry,thewomancoveredthetornpartoftheskirtwithanewspaperinhandandshylysaid:“Sir,canyousendmehome?Itisnotveryfarfromhere.”Thentheyoungmanputhiscoatonthegirlandcalledataxitosendherhome.EnglandGentleandconservativeJokeappreciationforculturaldiversity4.Beforethemansayingsorry,thewomangurgledandputherhandontheman’sshoulder:“Sir,ifyoudonotmind,youcanbuymearedrosetoshowyourapology.”Thenthemanboughtheraroseandtheywenttoahoteltogethertostudymoreabouttheskirt.FranceFriendlyandromanticJokeappreciationforculturaldiversity5.Beforethemansayingsorry,thewomanflewintorageandgavethemanaboxontheface:“nigeshao,xiangqilaoniangdoufu,laozidasini.”Thenshetookoutamobilephoneanddialednumberandagangofpeoplecame.Thewholethingdevelopedintoariot.WuhanhotandirritableJokeappreciationforculturaldiversity6.Themanfeltveryembarrassedandmadeasincereapologytothegirl.Butthebeautifulgirlsmiledandsaid:_______________________________ThailandLadyboy,shemanDon’tworry,Sir.Iamaman,too”.Whyisoneculturedifferentfromanother?OnthesurfacePerception(howwesensetheworld)Belief(whatwebelieveastrue)Value(asystemofcriteriaknownasrulesandguideposts)Whyisoneculturedifferentfromanother?MoredeeplyWorldview----(religion)-Spiritualandpsychologicalneedsofpeople(lifeanddeath,creationofuniverse,relationshipbetweenhumansandnature)-Socialaspectsofaculture(originofsocietyandgroupswithinthesociety,relationshipofindividualsandgroupstooneanother)Whyisoneculturedifferentfromanother?Family---genderroles,individualism-collectivism,age,socialskillsHistory---government,community,politicalsystem,keyhistoricalheroes,geographyWhatdoesculturaldiversitymean?Culturalpatterns-conditionsthatcontributetothewayinwhichapeopleperceiveandthinkabouttheworld-themannerinwhichtheyliveinthatworldSomecautions1.Thevalueoftheculturemaynotbethevalueofallindividualswithinthatculture.2.Itisusefultovisualizeeachculturalpatternasapointonacontinuumratherthanoneofonlytwopossibleresponses.3.Thepatternsareinterrelatedwithahostofothervaluesanddonotoperateinisolation.4.Commonculturalpatternsmustbelimitedtothedominantcultureineachcountry.Significanceofstudyingculturaldiversities---Whenwestudyculturaldifferences,wemainlyrefertothedeepstructureofculture(belowtheiceberg)---Althoughcultureissubjecttochange,thedeepstructureofacultureisresistanttochange.---Thecomparisonandcontrastofdifferentcultureshelpunderstandone’sowncultureandothercultures,whichwillultimatelyenhancetheeffectofinterculturalcommunication.Howtoclassifydifferentcultures?(forunderstanding)CulturepatternsKluckhohnandStrodtbeck’sValueOrientationHofstede’sDimensionsofCulturalVariabilityEdwardTHall’sContext-CultureTheoryHumanNatureMan-natureTimeActivitySocialRelationshipIndividualismVsCollectivismUncertaintyAvoidancePowerDistanceMasculinityVsFemininityHigh-ContextLow-Context1.ModelbyKluckhohn5basicquestionsthatneedansweringattherootofanyculture:1)Whatisthecharacterofinnatehumannature?2)Whatistherelationofmantonature?3)Whatisthetemporalfocus?4)Whatisthemodeofhumanactivity?5)Whatisthemodeofhumanrelationship?1)=Humannatureorientation人性取向2)=Man-natureorientation人天取向3)=Timeorientation时间取向4)=Activityorientation行为取向5)=Socialorientation人际取向1)HumanNatureBasicallyEvilMixtureofGoodandEvilBasicallyGood2)RelationshipofMantoNatureNaturecontrolshumansManinHarmonyWithNatureMantheMasterofNature3)SenseofTimePast-orientedPresent-orientedFuture-oriented4)HumanActivityBEING(stressonwhoyouare)Growing(stressonself-development)Doing(stressonwhatyouaredoing)5)SocialRelationshipHierarchy等级Group-orientedIndividualorientationChinesevaluesWesternvalues1)HumanNatureBasicallygoodMixtureofGoodandEvil2)RelationshipofMantoNatureHarmonywithnatureHumanscontrolNature3)SenseofTimePastorientationFutureorientation4)HumanActivityBEING(whoyouare)Doing(whatyouaredoing)5)SocialRelationshipHierarchyindividualLimitationsofKluckhohn’smodelNoteveryone