76英美概况教案

ONEBRITAINPartoneGeography•Basicunderstandingofthefollowing•1.What’sthedifferenceamongEngland、BritainandtheU.K?•2.What'ssoccerandfootball？•3.What’sJohnBullandUncleSam？•4.WheredidtheEnglishusetocomefrom？ChapteroneABriefIntroduction•1.HowmanypartsdoesTheU.Kconsistof？•(1)EnglandisinthesouthernpartofGreatBritain.•Itisthelargestmostpopuloussection.•(2)ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.IthasthreenaturalzonestheHighlandsinthenorththeCentrallowlandsthesouthUplands•Capital:Edinburgh•(3)WalesisinthewestofGreatBritain.•Capital:Cardiff•(4)NorthernIrelandisthefourthregionoftheUK.Capital:Belfast.•1.TheCommonwealthofnationsisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Itwasfoundedin1931andhas50membercountriesuntil1991.•2.TheOriginsoftheNation5000BC-1066•1)TheCeltsbegantoarriveBritainabout700BC•2)TheCeltscametoBritaininthreemainwaves.•ThefirstwaveweretheGaels-cameabout600BC.•ThesecondwaveweretheBrythons-cameabout400BC•ThethirdwaveweretheBelgae-cameabout150BCTheAnglo-Saxons446-871•1.BasisofModernEnglishrace:theAnglo-Saxons•2．TheearlyAnglo-SaxonsconvertedtoChristianity•3.TheEarlyAnglo-Saxonsmakethecontributions•totheEnglishstate:formationoftheEnglishnation•TheNormanConquest1066•1.ReasonsforWilliam’sinvasion•ofEnglandafterEdward’sdeath.2.TheNormanConquestanditsconsequences•①TheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.•②WilliamtheConquerorconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.•③HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.•④RelationswiththeContinentwereopenedandthecivilizationandcommercewereextended.•⑤Norman-Frenchculturelanguagemannersandarchitecturewereintroduced.•⑥TheChurchwasbroughtintocloserconnectionwithRomeandthechurchcourtswereseparatedfromthecivilcourts.TheShapingoftheNation1066-1381•1.NormanRule1066-1381诺曼统治公元1066-1381•2.WilliamsRule1066-1087•3.ContentsandthesignificanceoftheGreatCharter•GreatCharterwassignedbyKingJohnin1215underthepressofthebarons.Itconsistsofsixty-threeclauses.Itsimportantprovisionsareasfollows:•1.notaxshouldbemadewithouttheapprovaloftheGrandCouncil。•2.nofreemenshouldbearrestedimprisonedordeprivedoftheirproperty。•3.theChurchshouldpossessallitsrightstogetherwithfreedomofelections。•4.Londonandothertownsshouldretaintheirtraditionalrightsandprivilegesand5thereshouldbethesameweightsandmeasuresthroughoutthecountry.significanceoftheGreatCharter•significanceAlthoughTheGreatCharterhaslongbeenpopularlyregardedas：•①thefoundationofEnglishliberties•②itwasastatementofthefeudalandlegalrelationshipsbetweentheCrownandthebarons•③aguaranteeofthefreedomoftheChurcha•④alimitationofthepowersoftheking.ThespiritoftheGreatCharterwasthelimitationofthepowersofthekingkeepingthemwithintheboundsofthefeudallawoftheland.TheoriginsoftheEnglishParliament•TheGreatCouncilisknowntobetheprototype(原型)ofthecurrentBritishParliament.In1265SimondeMontfortsummoned(召集)theGreatCounciltogetherwithtwoknightsfromeachcountyandtwocitizensfromeachtown.ItlaterdevelopedintotheHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons.Itsmainrolewastoofferadvicenottomakedecisions.Therewerenoelectionsorparties.AndthemostimportantpartofParliamentwastheHouseofLords.TheHundredYearsWaranditsconsequences•TheHundredYears‘WarreferstothewarbetweenEnglandandFrancethatlastedintermittentlyfrom1337to1453.•Thecausesofthewarwerepartlyterritorialandpartlyeconomic.①TheterritorialcauseswererelatedwiththepossessionbytheEnglishkingsofthelargeduchyofAquitaineinFranceastheFrenchkingsgrewstrongertheyincreasinglycovetedthislargeslice.•②TheeconomiccauseswereconnectedwithclothmanufacturingtownsinFlanderswhichweretheimporterofEnglishwoolbuttheywereloyaltotheFrenchkingpolitically.•③BesidesEnglanddesiretostopFrancefromgivingaidtoScotsandagrowingsenseofnationalismweretheothercauses.•④TheEnglishbeingdrivenoutofFranceisregardedasablessingforbothcountries.IftheEnglishhadremainedinFrancethesuperiorsizeandwealthofFrancewouldhavehinderedthedevelopmentofaseparateEnglishnationalidentity,whileFrancewashinderedsolongasaforeignpoweroccupiedsomuchFrenchterritory.ConsequencesoftheHundredYearswar•①TheEnglishlostthewar.TheexpulsionoftheEnglishfromFrenchisregardedasablessingforbothcountries.•②IthelpedEnglishnationalidentityaswellasFrenchnationalidentity.•③Twoseparatenationwerebornafterthewar.TheBlackDeath黑死病TheBlackDeathis•themodernnamegiventothedeadlybubonicplagueanepidemicdiseasespreadbyratfleasacrossEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandinthesummerof1348.Itreducedfinally.TransitiontotheModernAge(1455-1688)•1.TheWarsofRose:ThenameWarsoftheRoseswasrefertothebattlesbetweentheHouseofLancaster,symbolizedbytheredrose,andthatofYork,symbolizedbythewhite,from1455to1485.HenryTudor,descendantofDukeofLancasterwonvictoryatBosworthFieldin1485andputthecountryundertheruleoftheTudors.FromtheseWars,Englishfeudalismreceiveditsdeathblow.Thegreatmedievalnobilitywasmuchweakened.HenryVIIIandTheEnglishReformation•1.HenryVIIIwasaboveallresponsibleforthereligiousreformofthechurch.Therewerethreemaincauses:adesireforc