高考英语虚拟语气要点全透析

所谓的语气是指说话人对所指的动作或状态所持有的态度。和时态、语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，表明说话人讲话的目的和意图。英语中有四种语气：陈述语气，疑问语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。语气Mood１、陈述语气：陈述一个动作或状态，表示所说的是事实。Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.：用来提出问题，表示疑问。疑问语气、２Isthisyourbook?：表示讲话人对对方的请求、命令、号祈使语气、３召、劝告、警告、禁止等。Don’tbelateforclass.Beseated,please.：用来表示假设、愿望、建议、请求、虚拟语气、４命令、猜测、可能、空想等非真实情况。句中的谓语动词需用一种特殊形式，称为虚拟语气。虚拟语气面面观Differentfacesofthesubjunctivemood虚拟语气在非真实条件句中:1Face１．表示与现在现实相反条件从句主句动词一般过去式（be常用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,Englishwouldbeeasier.IfIhadtimetospare,Iwouldcometoo.2.表示与过去事实相反条件从句主句had＋过去分词would/should/could/might+havedoneIfhehadbeenwarned,hewouldnothavetakenthatfood.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwehaddriveninturn,youwouldn’thavegotsotired.3.表示与将来事实可能相反条件从句主句动词一般过去式should/could+动词原形wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might＋动词原形IfIknewhisaddress,Iwouldsendthelettertohim.Ifyouweretocometomorrow,Ishouldaskyoutohelpmewithmywork.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.条件从句主句与现在事实相反动词一般过去式（be常用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had＋过去分词would/should/could/might+havedone与将来现实可能相反动词一般过去式should/could+动词原形wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might＋动词原形Face2:虚拟语气在宾语从句中１．wishIwishIwereabird.HowIwishyouhadcometomybirthdayparty.IwishIcouldtryagain.现在过去将来动词的过去式be通常用werehad＋过去分词could/would/might+动词原形2.wouldratherI’dratheryouwenthomenow.Iwouldratheryouhadtoldmethetruth.3.用在suggest（建议）,advise,recommend,decide,require,request,demand,urge,propose,insist（坚持做）,command,order,ask,instruct（指示、命令）,prefer等表示提议、要求、命令、意愿、决定等意义的动词的宾语从句中，常用“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should常可省略。Hesuggestedthatweshouldputthemeetingoff.Sheurgedthathewriteandacceptthepost.Ourcommanderorderedthatallthewoundedsoldiersshouldbesenttohospitalatonce.Sheaskedthatsheshouldbesenttoworkinthecountryside.Iproposethathegotothemeetinginsteadofme.Heinsistedthatthismatterbetakenoveratthemeeting.【注意】使用insist,suggest等动词时，一定要注意，它们之后的宾语从句的谓语动词有时用陈述语气，有时用虚拟语气。当insist表示“坚持认为”“坚持观点”;suggest表示“表示、暗示、表明”时,后接的宾语从句用陈述语气。例如：IinsistedthatIwasright.Herpalefacesuggeststhatsheisnothealthy.虚拟语气在表语从句:3Face和同位语从句中在proposal,suggestion,order,requirement,desire,decision,advice,plan,necessity等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，可用“(should)＋动词原形”表达虚拟语气。Hissuggestionisthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Hemadethesuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.虚拟语气在主语从句中:4Face１．It+be+suggested/required/requested/demanded/…thatItisorderedthatwe(should)goatonce.Ithasbeeninstructedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.2.It+be+necessary/essential/important/impossible/strange/natural/apity/…that…带有一种情感(必要、适当、惊奇、遗憾等)“竟然会”，从句中的should可以省略。◆Itisnecessarythathe(should)listentotheradiofrequently.◆ItisstrangethatheshouldnothavelearnedEnglish.◆Itisstrangethatheshouldhavenofriends.◆Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesocareless.虚拟语气在状语从句中:5Face１．虚拟语气asif/asthough在引导的方式状语从句中的用法Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Hespokeasthoughhehadknownit.2.虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的用法在incase,forfearthat,inorderthat,sothat引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词一般用“should/could/might＋动词原形”表达虚拟语气。Inorderthatshecouldcatchthetrain,shehurriedthroughherwork.IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatImightdisturbyou.Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitshouldrain.(high/about)timeis:It6Face的虚拟形式that在此结构中，从句中谓语动词用一般过去式或should＋动词原形,但should不省略，（be动词多用were）表达劝告或建议，意为“到做某事的时间了”。Itis(high)timethatyoustudiedhard.Itishightimethatyoushouldstudyhard.Itisabouttimethatweendedtheclass.4.错综时间条件句有时主句和从句的谓语动词表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这种条件句叫做混合条件句，又成为错综时间条件句．Ifthedoctorhadn’tcome,thepatientwouldbedeadnow.Ifhehadstudiedharder,hewouldbeabletoanswerthetestquestionsnow.Face7:含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时并不直接表示出来，只暗含在句子中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。具体分为以下几种：Ａ．通过不定式短语表达条件Youwouldbeafooltorefusehisoffer.(=Ifyoushouldrefusehisoffer,youwouldbeafool.)Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim.(=Itwouldbeamistakeifwedidnothelphim.)B.通过介词短语表达条件（without,butfor‘要是没有…的话’）Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.(=Iftherewerenoelectricity,…)Butforthestorm,Iwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier.(=Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm,…)Ｃ．通过连词otherwise,or,but,butthat,though,once等表达条件Shecametotownyesterday,otherwise/or(=ifshehadn’tcome)Iwouldnothavemether.Einsteincaredlittleformoney,though(=ifhehadcaredformoney)hecouldhavebeenveryrich.Oncelostitwouldbehardtofind.webutthatWeshouldhavecomeearlier,hadanaccident.(暗含ifwehadn’thadanaccident)Icouldcontinuetalkingaboutthis,butwemustgoontothenexttopic.(暗含ifwedidn’thavetogoontothenexttopic)D.通过分词短语表达条件Givenmoreattention(=Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention),thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Supposingitshouldrain(=Ifitwereto/shouldrain),wewouldstillgo.E.无词句来暗示条件Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.(暗示条件从句ifwehadbeenmorecareful)Itwassoquiet,youcouldhaveheardapindrop.(暗示条件从句ifithaddroppedtotheground)Youshouldhavedoneitbetter.(暗示条件从句ifyouhadtrieditharder)Youmightstayhereforever.(你可以永远呆在这儿.(暗含ifyouwantedto)Wewouldhavesucceeded.我们本来是会成功的.(暗含ifwehadkepttrying)Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.谢谢你给我一点时间吧.(暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime.)Face8:If的省略如果if条件从句的谓语动词含有were,had,should,就可以省略连词if，把were,had,条if如果放在主语前，构成倒装。should要放在主语之not件从句为否定式，倒装时后。WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwoulddomorepractice.Hadyouarrived(=Ifyouhada