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轴承的选择及校核变速器轴承常采用圆柱滚子轴承,球轴承,滚针轴承,圆锥滚子轴承,滑动轴套等。至于何处应当采用何种轴承,是受结构限制并随所承受的载荷特点不同而不同。汽车变速器结构紧凑,尺寸小,采用尺寸大些的轴承受结构限制,常在布置上有困难。变速器第一轴,第二周的轴承以及中间轴前后轴承,按直径系列一般选用中系列球轴承或圆柱滚子轴承。轴承的直径根据变速器中心距确定,并要保证壳体后壁两轴承孔之间的距离不小于6~20mm,,下限适用于轻型车和轿车。滚针轴承,滑动轴套主要用在齿轮与轴不是固定连接,并要求两者有相对运动的地方。滚针轴承有滚动摩擦损失小,传动效率高,径向配合间隙小,定位及运转精度高,有利于齿轮啮合等优点。滑动轴套的径向配合间隙大,易磨损,间隙增大后影响齿轮的定位和运转精度并使工作噪声怎几啊。滑动轴套的优点时制造容易,成本低。根据变速箱结构,轴的支撑形式及所受载荷性质,初步确定所采用的轴承形式以后,硬验算轴承的寿命是否符合要求。在计算之前,首先应确定轴承上所受外力,亦即算出轴的支反力。轴承寿命计算,采用下列公式:ddPCL式中:L------轴承寿命,以(610)转作为计量单位;dC------额定动载荷,根据轴承型号,由手册查的;dP------当量动载荷;按如下公式计算;YFXFPrdrF------作用在轴承上的径向载荷:aF------作用在轴承上的轴向载荷X,Y------折算系数,由手册查的;------轴承的寿命指数,为试验值。对球轴承,=3;对于滚子轴承,=10/3。(1)变速箱挂不同的档位时,变速箱各轴的承受所受的载荷亦不同。因此,为了综合考虑变速箱各个挡工作时间的比例,不同档位时轴承转速和所承受载荷亦不同这样一些影响,需要确定一个换算的当量载荷mP来代替上式中的dP。(2)为了计算换算的当量载荷mP,就需要知道各个档位占总工作时间的百分比,这可以由调查研究确定。已知时间比例系数,可按下式计算换算的当量载荷mP:dddmmtnPtnPtnPtnPtnPtnPnP555444333222111(1式中:·1P······dP,1n······dn,1t······dt,分别表示1,2·····倒档的轴承载荷,转速和时间比例系数;mn————平均转速,可按下式计算:)(2211ddmtntntnn再设计总通常按轴承寿命为5000小时计算动载荷dC,并选用轴承;或者按选定轴承的额定动载荷验算轴承的工作寿命小时hL,这时可用下列转换公式计算:)9(161060hmmdLnPC)9(66010mdmhPCnL变速器中轴承的寿命是不均匀的,当个别轴承受结构布置限制时允许较低的寿命,但最低不得低于1000小时。各档位使用时间比例系数:1挡2挡3档4挡5挡倒档20%20%25%25%5%5%各轴的转速:输入轴转速:mrn/17001中间轴转速:mrinnz/16.75119/4317001前进挡时输出轴上的转速:一档:mrinn/16.75119/431700121二档:mrinn/16.75119/431700122三档:mrinn/16.75119/431700123四档:mrinn/44.27224.61700124五档:mrinn/16.75119/431700125倒档轴转速:mrinnd/16.75119/4317001倒档是输出转速:mrinnd/16.75119/43170012各轴轴承型号选择:输入轴和输出轴的轴承型号:32511EdDB=5510025KNCr5.93中间轴的轴承型号:32310EdDB=5011027KNCr102下面校核各轴轴承:1.中间轴上的轴承校核中间轴上受力分析:一档时轴承受力垂直平面内:NFNV311052.5NFNV321052.5水平平面内:NFNH311052.5NFNH321052.5则:NFr311052.5NFr321052.5轴向力:NFab31052.5则当量动载荷:左侧:NFPrr311037.6右侧:NFPrr321037.6二档时轴承受力:垂直平面内:NFnv311052.5NFNH321052.5水平平面内:NFNH311052.5NFNH321052.5则:NFr311052.5NFr321052.5轴向力:NFab31052.5NFa31052.5NFa31052.5则当量动载荷:左侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0右侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0三档时轴承受力:垂直平面内:NFnv311052.5NFNH321052.5水平平面内:NFNH311052.5NFNH321052.5则:NFr311052.5NFr321052.5轴向力:NFab31052.5NFa31052.5NFa31052.5则当量动载荷:左侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0右侧:3.028.025.705.201raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0四档时轴承受力:垂直平面内:NFnv311052.5NFNH321052.5水平平面内:NFNH311052.5NFNH321052.5则:NFr311052.5NFr321052.5轴向力:NFab31052.5NFa31052.5NFa31052.5则当量动载荷:左侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0右侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0五档轴承时受力:垂直平面内:NFnv311052.5NFNH321052.5水平平面内:NFNH311052.5NFNH321052.5则:NFr311052.5NFr321052.5轴向力:NFab31052.5NFa31052.5NFa31052.5则当量动载荷:左侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0右侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0倒档时轴承受力:垂直平面内:NFnv311052.5NFNH321052.5水平平面内:NFNH311052.5NFNH321052.5则:NFr311052.5NFr321052.5轴向力:NFab31052.5则当量动载荷:左侧:KNPPrr83.181右侧:KNPPrr83.181中间轴上轴承选用圆柱滚子轴承:则310mrnnm/16.7513.1pfdddmpmtnPtnPtnPtnPtnPtnPnfP555444333222111(1则左侧:dddmmtnPtnPtnPtnPtnPtnPnP555444333222111(1=1111KN轴承寿命:mdmhPCnL60106=35419h右侧:dddmmtnPtnPtnPtnPtnPtnPnP555444333222111(1轴承寿命:mdmhPCnL601062.第一,二轴上轴承校核第一,二轴上轴承受力分析:一档时轴承受力:垂直平面内:NFnv311052.5NFNH321052.5水平平面内:NFNH311052.5NFNH321052.5则:NFr311052.5NFr321052.5轴向力:NFab31052.5则当量动载荷:左侧:KNPPrr83.181右侧:KNPPrr83.182二档轴承受力:垂直平面内:NFnv311052.5NFNH321052.5水平平面内:NFNH311052.5NFNH321052.5则:NFr311052.5NFr321052.5轴向力:NFab31052.5NFa31052.5NFa31052.5则当量动载荷:左侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0右侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0三档轴承受力:垂直平面内:NFnv311052.5NFNH321052.5水平平面内:NFNH311052.5NFNH321052.5则:NFr311052.5NFr321052.5轴向力:NFab31052.5NFa31052.5NFa31052.5则当量动载荷:左侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0右侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0四档轴承受力:垂直平面内:NFnv311052.5NFNH321052.5水平平面内:NFNH311052.5NFNH321052.5则:NFr311052.5NFr321052.5轴向力:NFab31052.5NFa31052.5NFa31052.5则当量动载荷:左侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0右侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0五档轴承受力:垂直平面内:NFnv311052.5NFNH321052.5水平平面内:NFNH311052.5NFNH321052.5则:NFr311052.5NFr321052.5轴向力:NFab31052.5NFa31052.5NFa31052.5则当量动载荷:左侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0右侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0五档轴承受力:垂直平面内:NFnv311052.5NFNH321052.5水平平面内:NFNH311052.5NFNH321052.5则:NFr311052.5NFr321052.5轴向力:NFab31052.5NFa31052.5NFa31052.5则当量动载荷:左侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0右侧:3.028.025.705.212.01raFFKNFFPaRr46.88.094.0倒档时轴承受力:垂直平面内:NFnv311052.5NFNH321052.5水平平面内:NFNH311052.5NFNH321052.5则:NFr311052.5NFr321052.5轴向力:NFab31052.5则当量动载荷:左侧:KNPPrr83.181右侧:KNPPrr83.181输入,输出轴上轴承选用圆柱滚子轴承:则3102.1pfddmtntntntntntnn5544332211.....23324fdgnmdd
本文标题:轴承的选择及校核
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