同位素电池发电机制的研究与发展

9119962JournalofIsotopesVol.9No.1Feb.1996(,730000),,,,[1,2],,4050,,,,,50,(:)[124],,60,,60:A,90Sr290YB,7030040490Sr,,,[1,2]70,,,70210PoA1.4W:1994201204:1994210211,3,4.2%[5]80,,[2]80,,200kW100kW8kW8080,P.BrownB,,[6,7],,,P.Brown,[8-10],,;,,()();11.1[1,2],AB,,,,10-11-10-9A,,11%,2%0.1%1.2[1,2],,,,,,:Vmax=U2-U1(1),,3H85Kr,,Ar1V10-9Aöcm2,0.5%1.3[1,2,6,7,10-12],,PN,,:NP,249PN,PN,80,1.5%,,40%:PN,PN,P.Brown,,25%PN,PN,,,238PuA(EA=5.15MeV)92%;90Sr290YB(EB1=546keV,EB2=2284keV)67%,E200keVB90%,16%,PN,26.9%()[12]1.4B[9]1991B(),B,;,,500keV,,500keVB,:90Sr290Y,37%,20%B,B,50%,30%,,,,,,0.1T,100keV-2284keVB10-100mm,,,,B1.5[1,2,12]:,,,500keVB:15%,,,1%1.6[1,2]:,,,,GeGaAs170015%341:1.7[1-3,5],,,,:V=A1,2(T1-T2)(2)(2)A1,2,;T1T215%8%-10%,,A,C,,,,1.8[1,2],(),,,,,1500-2000,Cs1mW,1%;,5%-20%1.9[1,2],,,11A,B10LW1%B1LW1%B1LW-5W17%B1mW-1kWB1mW1%B10W-1kW15%A,B1W-1kW8%A1kW-200kW15%A,B100W-200kW4492,,,,,:(1)AC,BC,,,,,B,(2),,8080%(:90Sr300(2.7)),,,(3),,,A,,AB,B,,,B,B150keV,B350keV,,,18keV,(4),,,,,(5),,,(),(6),10%,,,,(7),,,,,5%-8%,,,40%80,,1.5%,PN,10%,3520%,,541:1LW5W,;,,1SchalchD,ScharmannA.Radionuklidbatterien:I.GrundlagenundGrenzen.Kerntechnik,1975,17:23.2GolderR,LoenhardtW,RadmanecheR,etal.StandundEntwicklungstendenzenaufdemGebietderStrahlentechnikundTechnologieIsotopenbatterien.Isotopenpraxis,1978,14(11):361.3GusevVV,KodyukovVM,PochtakovAA,etal.FeaturesofConversionofRadioactiveDecayEnergyIntoElectricOnebyMeansofP2NJunctionSiliconSemiconductors.RadiologicTechnology,1975,(5):61.4GreatbatchW.DeviceforConvertingNuclearEnergyIntoElectricalEnergy.IEEETransBio2MedEngi2neering,1973,20(5):332.5.210Po.,1980,3(5):8.6SchalchD,ScharmannA.LimitsofaTritiumBatteryBasedonChargedParticleCollection(CPC).AtomkernenergKerntech,1981,37:13.7BrownP.ResonantNuclearPowerSupply.Raum&ZeitMagazine,August-September1989,1(2):33.8,..,1994,17(9):548.9,,..,1995,29(5):397.10,,,..,1995,18(12):740.11BrownP.TheBetaVoltaicEffectEnergyConversionMechanism.Raum&ZeitMagazine,December2January,1989ö1990,1(5):56.12WalkoRJ,LincolnRC,BacaWE,etal.Tritium2fieldBetacells.Proceedingofthe26thIntersocietyEn2ergyConversionEngineeringConference.10:37.STATESANDFUTURETRENDSOFTHESTUDIESOFRADIOISOTOPICBATTERIESWangTieshanZhangBaoguo(InstituteofModernPhysics,theChineseAcademyofSciences,Lanzhou730000)ABSTRACTThehistoryandcurrentsituationofradioisotopicbatteriesarereviewed,withtheem2phasisontheintroductionofvariouspower2generationmechanismsbynucleardecayenergy.Thenewlydevelopedtheoriesandthenewlymadeprogressarepresented.Morethanthat,aninsightisgivenintotheprospectandfuturedirectionofthisfield.Keywordsradioisotopicbatterydecayenergymechanismofpowergeneration649